This article presents a clinical case of a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) resembling a periapical lesion of endodontic origin. A 39-year-old, otherwise healthy male patient was referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery for its diagnosis and subsequent management. The patient presented with an asymptomatic, progressively increasing intraoral swelling associated with the mandibular left para-symphysis region. On radiographic evaluation, a unilocular radiolucent lesion involving 33-34 teeth was noted. An incisional biopsy presented a giant cell lesion, following which surgical curettage was done. Histopathological examination was in accordance with the diagnosis of CGCG. Therefore, it is imperative for clinicians to accurately diagnose and rule out similarly presenting lesions.

UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of hybrid odontogenic lesions with two or more morphologically distinct components is a rare phenomenon and poses a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to study the clinical, radiological, and pathological features and behavior of hybrid odontogenic lesions, to enhance awareness about these rare lesions.
UNASSIGNED: Hematoxylin and Eosin slides of hybrid odontogenic lesions diagnosed between January 01, 2012 and December 31, 2020, were reviewed. Demographic and radiological information were obtained from the patient\'s medical records.
UNASSIGNED: 8 cases were diagnosed with a mean age of 19.1 years and male to female ratio of 1:1.7. Involvement of mandible was more common (n = 5) as compared to maxilla (n = 3). All patients presented with swelling for an average of 9.75 months (3-25 months) duration. Bleeding, loose teeth, pain and facial asymmetry were reported in 5,3, 3, and 2 cases, respectively. Radiologically, 7 cases were well demarcated, 75% cases (n = 6) were radiolucent, and average radiological size was 4.8 cm. All patients were managed with surgery alone. 5 cases (62.5%) underwent enucleation and curettage, while local excision, en-block resection and segmental mandibulectomy were performed in 1 case each. Histologically, ossifying fibroma/cemento-ossifyiong fibroma were the most lesion, occurring in 5 cases (62%), followed by giant cell granuloma like lesions (GCG) i.e., central and peripheral giant cell granuloma (n = 3), Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumor (AOT) (n = 2), and DC (n = 2), ameloblastic fibroma (AF) (n = 1), Ameloblastoma (n = 1), calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) (n = 1), and complex odontoma (n = 1). No evidence of recurrence was noted after 4-99 months of surgery (mean: 32.9) in cases with available data (n = 7). Long-term complaints included facial asymmetry (n = 2) and pain (n = 1).
UNASSIGNED: Most hybrid odontogenic lesions affect young females in the second decade of life and commonly show COF and OF as hybrid components. A conservative approach to management appears adequate.

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a non-neoplastic hyperplasia of bones that mostly happens in the mandible and maxilla in any age group but has a predilection for children and young adults. GCRGs that cause bone destruction are of very low frequency. Orbital-involved cases have been rarely reported since 1981, especially in children. We now report a 1-year-old girl with a rapidly enlarging post-traumatic orbital mass. CT scan and surgical resection showed a well-defined mass occupying the upper right orbit, causing bone destruction. Microscopically there was a proliferation of histocytes and some osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells with hemosiderin, finally confirmed to be GCRG. 22 months\' follow up showed no evidence of recurrence. This case suggests infant orbital GCRG can be locally aggressive.

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a benign nonneoplastic granulomatous lesion and is rare in the cranial bone. We present a pediatric case of this lesion arising from the condyle and lower clivus. A 9-year-old girl presented with slowly progressive hoarseness and dysphagia. She showed left glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerve palsy. An osteolytic lesion around the lower clivus and condyle joint was accompanied by deformation of the craniovertebral junction. An endoscopic endonasal approach was used to decompress the cranial nerve and confirm the pathological finding. The lesion around the condyle was not resected to preserve occipito-cervical stability. The residual lesion has been observed carefully for 6 months, and regrowth has not occurred. GCRG is a rare granulomatous lesion in the cranial bone. This case is the first report of a pediatric clival GCRG. Treating pediatric GCRG may be helpful.

UNASSIGNED: Giant cell reparative granuloma is a rare, locally benign tumor with an aggressive behavior resembling malignant neoplasm, originating mainly from the mandible and maxilla; however, it can originate from other sites, such as zygomatic and temporal bones, with a young adult female predilection.
UNASSIGNED: A 28-year-old female presented to the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery with a history of a slowly enlarging swelling over the left parotid region for four months. Physical examination revealed a non-erythematous, non-tender, firm mass with no overlying skin changes. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion revealed a multinucleated giant cell-rich tumor and the histopathological examination of an incisional biopsy from the mass confirmed giant cell reparative granuloma. Therefore, a total surgical excision of the mass with curating of the zygomatic and temporal bones was performed with uneventful postoperative course and regular follow ups for one year.
UNASSIGNED: A growing mass in the parotid region in a young adult female with no history of trauma should raise the suspicion of giant cell reparative granuloma. Histopathological examination is the definitive tool for diagnosis, and surgical excision is the treatment modality of choice in such cases.

BACKGROUND: Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is a rare benign tumor. The jawbone is the most common site of occurrence, followed by sphenoid bone, craniofacial bone, hand and foot bones. The etiology of GCRG is unknown but may be related to an intraosseous hemorrhage following trauma. Despite its benign nature, it could be locally aggressive. To our knowledge, no spinal epidural GCRG case has been reported.
METHODS: A case of man aged 32 years who presented with upper right limb numbness and weakness. Computed tomography showed a round soft tissue mass in the spinal canal at the C7-T1 level. The mass showed isointensity on T1-weighted images, hypointensity on T2-weighted images, and significant enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. The mass localized in the epidural space and was surgically resected. The histologic diagnosis was consistent with GCRG.
CONCLUSIONS: Spinal epidural GCRG is rare and is hardly considered in the differential diagnosis. Preoperative diagnosis of GCRG is challenging, and the definitive diagnosis could only be made by pathological examination. Surgical resection is probably an effective therapy for relief of symptoms.

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) mostly occur in the metaphysis of long bones. Primary paranasal ABCs are extremely rare, and most reported cases reveal typical histopathological features including cystic space with fibrous septa and hemorrhage. Solid-variant ABCs or solid ABCs lacking cyst formation may be histologically indistinguishable from giant cell reparative granulomas, giant cell tumor of bone, and brown tumor. Here we report the case of a 24-year-old woman with a paranasal mass diagnosed as USP6-rearranged solid ABC, mimicking giant cell reparative granuloma, giant cell tumor of bone, and brown tumor. For paranasal sinus bone or soft tissue tumors containing numerous giant cells, molecular analysis including the USP6 gene may serve as a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish solid ABCs from other giant cell-rich lesions.

BACKGROUND: Giant cell reparative granulomas (GCRGs) are rare lesions in the cranial bones. We present a case of this rare lesion emanating from the clivus and replacing the sphenoid sinus, a highly unusual location for this entity.
METHODS: The case and clinical course of a 29-year-old female who presented with a large sphenoid mass are described here. The patient presented with symptoms of severe headache and diplopia; imaging demonstrated a large sphenoid mass which was completely resected via an endoscopic endonasal approach. It was based on the clivus and was shown to be a GCRG.
CONCLUSIONS: GCRGs are benign granulomatous lesions which should be considered in the differential in the setting of a sphenoid mass.

A unique case of congenital choleasteatoma within the mastoid region of the temporal bone is described. The patient presented with a cutane ous fistula into the external auditory canal and epidural abscess. The clinical, radiological, histopathological and operative findings are discussed. A review of the literature shows only one report of a similar case.

Giant cell reparative granuloma (GCRG) is an unusual, nonneoplastic fibrous lesion affecting maxillary and mandibular bones and only rarely, the cranial bones. Giant cell reparative granuloma of the posterior ethmoid is exceedingly rare. To the best of our knowledge none of such case has been previously reported. Being a soft fleshy lesion of bone, if tends to have a benign course, not aggressive, it often recurs following incomplete excision. We report the case of a woman with a GCRG of right posterior ethmoid. We discuss the clinical picture, differential diagnosis, histologic evaluation and appearance on computed tomography.