PimentelBarbosa的Xavante的案例研究是一个亚马逊印第安人团体的例子,当接触白人社会时,经历了疾病和社会混乱的共同历史,然后最终,从人口冲击中恢复过来,生育率提高,降低死亡率。Xavante的早期接触是在18世纪初在戈亚斯州,巴西;到19世纪末,Xavante已经孤立地向西迁移到马托格罗索。巴西政府的利益(1940年代)和一个研究远征小组(1962年)导致了卫生站和广泛的遗传,流行病学,和人口研究。结果显示身体和营养状况良好,而是流行病和社会混乱带来的压力。到1976年,情况有所改善,这场战斗与侵占牧场主有关。印度强有力的政治行动导致到1977年在PimentelBarbosa保留内确保边界。人口从1977年的249人增加到1988年的411人,并增加到3个村庄。有证据表明回归了更传统的做法。此分析的数据收集发生在1976-77年以及1988年和1990年。提供了最近人口变化的结果,最近的出生和死亡,影响生育率的因素,生育率变化,平价和婴儿死亡率,预期寿命的变化,杀婴,人口增长,婚姻模式,和健康变化。从1971年的71名妇女和1990年的109名妇女收集了生育史。由于Xavante在儿童计数方面的差异,遇到了困难。在1977年和1990年的调查比较中,报告的出生人口有密切的对应关系,以及4-9人出生和死亡年龄的差异。遇到的困难归因于口译员的问题。人口统计学分析显示了引入疾病的证据,这增加了婴儿死亡率并威胁到人口更替,其次是婴儿死亡率下降和大量育龄妇女增加人口增长.自殖民时代以来,这种人口和类似人口的历史是人口的兴衰之一。这个群体的半灭绝性质可能使他们免于灭绝。
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case study of the Xavante of Pimentel Barbosa is an example of an Amazonian Indian group that, when exposed to White society, experienced the common history of diseases and social disruption, and then eventually, recovered from the demographic shock, increased fertility, and reduced mortality. Early contact for the Xavante was during the early 18th century in Goias state, Brazil; by the end of the 19th century the Xavante had migrated west into Mato Grosso in isolation. Brazilian government interests (1940s) and a research expeditionary group (1962) resulted in health posts and extensive genetic, epidemiologic, and demographic studies. The results showed good physical and nutritional status, but stress from epidemic disease and social disruption. Conditions had improved by 1976, and the battle was with encroaching ranchers. Strong indian political action led to the securing of boundaries within the Pimentel Barbosa reservation by 1977. The population doubled from 249 in 1977 to 411 in 1988, and increased to 3 villages. There was evidence of a return to more traditional practices. Data collection for this analysis occurred during 1976-77 and 1988 and 1990. Results were provided for recent demographic change, recent births and deaths, factors affecting fertility, fertility change, parity and infant mortality, life expectancy changes, infanticide, population growth, marriage patterns, and health changes. Fertility histories were collected from 71 women in 1971 and 109 women in 1990. Difficulties were encountered due to Xavante differences in enumeration of children. In the comparison of the surveys in 1977 and 1990, there was close correspondence of reported births, and discrepancies of 4-9 births and in age at death. The difficulties encountered were attributed to problems with interpreters. The demographic analysis showed evidence of introduced diseases, which increased infant mortality and threatened population replacement, followed by decreased infant mortality and a large cohort of reproductive age women increasing population growth. The history of this and similar populations is one of a rise and fall in population since colonial times. The seminomadic nature of this group may have saved them from extinction.