至少应结合人口的健康需求研究生育率的三个方面:生育率对人口的影响,生育水平,和生育的年龄结构。需要的指标是出生率,总生育率,和特定年龄的生育率。如果出生率和死亡率都是已知的,可以计算人口的自然增长率。快速增长的速度意味着,即使维持目前的护理水平是唯一的目标,医疗保健的资源需求也将增加。必须知道人口的规模和结构,以衡量隐形护理要求。必须知道出生人数,以预测卫生服务需求的变化。总生育率取决于人口规模和结构。高价值与低教育水平和低女性活动率等因素有关。特定年龄生育率与社会规范和行为有关。生育期极端时期的高生育率可能表明母亲或婴儿出现健康问题的可能性更大。计算拟议指标的数据来源取决于可用的统计数据。生命统计数据和年中人口估计,调查数据,或人口统计数据和人口估计,并辅以调查数据。如果有生命统计数据和年中人口估计,可以获得按母亲年龄在一年内登记的活产婴儿的数据,估计当年活产婴儿登记不足,截至6月30日的估计总人口,以及截至6月30日的5年队列估计的15-49岁女性人口。登记不足的情况下的调整程序取决于是否有按产妇年龄分列的登记信息。然后可以通过使用几个简单的公式来获得主要指标。如果没有生命统计数据,应在抽样调查中收集信息。最低数据要求是以完成年数为单位的年龄,性别和活产婴儿总数,以及在前12个月出生的15-49岁女性的孩子。然后可以根据适当的公式计算主要指标。使用Brass方法可以对总生育率进行更精确的估计。
At least 3 aspects of fertility should be studied in relation to the health needs of a population: the impact of fertility on the population, the level of fertility, and the age structure of fertility. The required indicators are the birth rate, the total fertility rate, and the age specific fertility rates. If the birth rates and mortality rates are both known, the natural increase rate of the population can be calculated. A rapid rate of increase means that resource requirements for health care will also rise even if maintenance of the current level of care is the only objective. The size and structure of the population must be known in order to gauge halth care requirements. The number of births must be known to predict changes in health service requirements. The total fertility rate is indipendent of population size and structure. High values are associated with such factors as a low educational level and low female activity rates. Age specific fertility rates are related to social norms and behavior. High fertility in the extremes of the fertile period may indicate greater likelihood of health problems for mothers or their infants. Sources of data for calculating the proposed indicators depend on available statistics. Vital statistics data and midyear population estimates, survey data, or vital statistics data and population estimates complemented by survey data may be used. If vital statistics data and midyear population estimates are available, data can be obtained on live births registered during the year by age of mother, estimated underregistration of live births that year, the total estimated population as of June 30, and the female population aged 15-49 years by 5-year cohorts estimated as of June 30. The adjustment procedure in cases of underregistration depends on whether information is available on subregistration by maternal age. The principal indicators may then be obtained by using a few simple formulas. If vital statistics data are not available, information should be gathered in a sample survey. The minimum data requirements are age in completed years, sex and total number of live born children, and children born in the preceding 12 months to women aged 15-49. The principal indicators can then be calculated according to the appropriate formulas. More refined estimates of the total fertility rate can be made using Brass\'s method.