纤维素酶介导的木质纤维素生物炼制在高价值生物燃料和化学品的生产中起着至关重要的作用。酶水解是必不可少的组成部分。纤维素酶固定化的出现彻底改变了这一过程,大大提高了效率,稳定性,和纤维素酶的可重用性。这篇综述对固定化的基本原则进行了彻底的分析,包括各种固定方法,如物理吸附,共价结合,诱捕,和交联。此外,它探索了各种各样的载体材料,包括无机,有机,和混合/复合材料。该综述还侧重于新兴的方法,如多酶共固定化,定向固定,固定化酶微反应器,和酶工程固定化。此外,它深入研究了3D打印载体等新型载体技术,刺激响应载体,人造纤维素体,和仿生载体。此外,这篇综述讨论了纤维素酶固定化方面的最新障碍,包括分子水平的固定化机制,扩散限制,纤维素酶活性的丧失,纤维素酶浸出,以及成本效益和可扩展性的考虑。从这篇综述中获得的知识预计将催化更有效和可持续的生物催化系统的发展,用于木质纤维素生物质转化,代表目前最先进的纤维素酶固定化技术。
Cellulase-mediated lignocellulosic biorefinery plays a crucial role in the production of high-value biofuels and chemicals, with enzymatic hydrolysis being an essential component. The advent of cellulase immobilization has revolutionized this process, significantly enhancing the efficiency, stability, and reusability of cellulase enzymes. This
review offers a thorough analysis of the fundamental principles underlying immobilization, encompassing various immobilization approaches such as physical adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and cross-linking. Furthermore, it explores a diverse range of carrier materials, including inorganic, organic, and hybrid/composite materials. The
review also focuses on emerging approaches like multi-enzyme co-immobilization, oriented immobilization, immobilized enzyme microreactors, and enzyme engineering for immobilization. Additionally, it delves into novel carrier technologies like 3D printing carriers, stimuli-responsive carriers, artificial cellulosomes, and biomimetic carriers. Moreover, the
review addresses recent obstacles in cellulase immobilization, including molecular-level immobilization mechanism, diffusion limitations, loss of cellulase activity, cellulase leaching, and considerations of cost-effectiveness and scalability. The knowledge derived from this
review is anticipated to catalyze the evolution of more efficient and sustainable biocatalytic systems for lignocellulosic biomass conversion, representing the current state-of-the-art in cellulase immobilization techniques.