目标:在印度等发展中国家,务农妇女的营养安全是最严重和持续的问题之一。本研究调查了基于饮食摄入的营养状况的动态,即卡路里,碳水化合物,蛋白质,脂肪,钙,叶酸,铁,维生素,胡萝卜素,等。,在印度中部中央邦的农场妇女。
方法:本研究选择了225名从事农业活动的农场妇女(年龄18至60岁)。营养调查是通过对食物摄入量进行个人访谈,并进行预先测试的访谈时间表和每日饮食摄入量。调查问卷包括有关家庭的信息,社会经济地位,收入,教育,职业,和农场妇女的饮食习惯。作为“每日饮食摄入量”,受访者被要求列出一整天消耗的所有食物和饮料。
结果:平均年龄,高度,体重,受访者的体重指数为34.93y,1519毫米,49.47千克,和21.5kg/m2。根据不同的营养等级,体重指数结果表明28%体重不足,52.4%为正常,17.8%的人超重,1.8%为肥胖.不平等(基尼系数估计)分析发现,在受访者的身体状态下,营养素摄入量水平没有太大变化,除胡萝卜素和维生素C外,分类和回归树分析表明,除脂肪外,其余的营养素在确定农场妇女的体重方面并不显著。在对腰臀比的分析中,代谢性疾病的风险(心血管疾病,糖尿病,等。)在31至40岁年龄组中更高。
结论:总体食物频率表明,根据他们的工作活动,他们饮食中微量营养素的摄入不足会导致健康状况不佳。该研究证实,在农场妇女的身体状况上,实际的营养素摄入量差异很大,他们进行的体育活动,和他们的月收入水平。该研究还提出了克服农场妇女营养差距的各种政策选择。
OBJECTIVE: Nutritional security for women working in agriculture is one of the most serious and persisting concerns in developing countries like India. The present study surveyed the dynamics of nutritional status based on dietary intake, namely calorie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, calcium, folic acid, iron, vitamin, carotene, etc., in the farm women in the central India state of Madhya Pradesh.
METHODS: A total of 225 farm women (ages 18 to 60 y) who were engaged in agricultural activities were selected for this study. The nutritional survey was done by personal interview on food intake with a pretested interview schedule and daily dietary intake. The survey questionnaire includes information on family, socioeconomic status, income, education, occupation, and food habits of the farm women. As \"daily dietary intake\", respondents were asked to list all foods and beverages consumed for a whole day.
RESULTS: The mean age, height, weight, and body mass index of the respondents were 34.93 y, 1519 mm, 49.47 kg, and 21.5 kg/m2, respectively. Based on different grades of nutrition, body mass index results indicated that 28% were underweight, 52.4% were normal, 17.8% were overweight, and 1.8% were obese. Inequality (estimated by Gini coefficient) analysis found that there is not much variation in the nutrient intake levels across the physical status of the respondents, with the exception of carotene and vitamin C. The classification and regression tree analysis indicated that with the exception of fat, the rest of the nutrients were not significant in determining the farm women\'s physical status in terms of weight. In the analysis of the waist-to-hip ratio, the risk of metabolic diseases (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.) was higher in the 31- to 40-y age group.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall food frequency indicated that poor intake of micronutrients in their diet according to their work activity results in poor health status. The study affirmed that the actual intake of nutrients varied significantly across the physical status of the farm women, their physical activities carried out, and their monthly income level. The study also suggests various policy options to overcome the nutritional gap in farm women.