背景：在过去的几十年里，对母婴二元的研究产生了大量的数据，方法和理论，这在很大程度上促进了我们看待婴儿期和童年时期发展变化的方式的革命。非常不同的结构描述了母亲和婴儿之间发生的“二元舞蹈”的不同方面；尽管如此，在连贯的理论格局中，这些概念的全面和一致的系统化仍然缺乏。目的:在目前的工作中,我们的目标是解开9个二元结构的不同理论和方法定义，我们强调它们对婴儿和儿童发育结局的影响。方法：在三个数据库上进行了文献检索-PubMed，Scopus,Web的科学。此处报告了三种不同的评论：（1）对二元结构的理论定义的评论；（2）对操作定义的评论，二元过程的设置和方法；（3）对二元过程“婴儿结局”和儿童发育轨迹的系统评价。结果：出现了两个广泛的元理论概念（互惠和互惠）和七个描述的特定过程（调和，意外事件,协调,匹配,镜像,赔偿,同步）。报告了一个恢复不同进程之间关系的全局模型，这突出了两个特定的二进功能周期的出现(即，匹配-不匹配-修复-同步；偶然性，协调,调音,镜像)。还对所采取的措施进行了全面审查。最后,所有的过程都对婴儿的行为做出了重大贡献，认知，和前3岁的社会情感发展，但对具体程序(如赔偿和镜像)进行了有限的研究。结论：本研究提供了一个原始的研究基础框架，以考虑在统一的二进生态系统中母婴二进过程的不同性质。对于不同的母婴二进过程对婴儿和儿童发育的作用，出现了不同水平的证据。突出了悬而未决的问题和未来的研究方向。
Background: During the last decades, the research on mother-infant dyad has produced a great amount of data, methods and theories, which largely contributed to set a revolution in the way we look at developmental changes during infancy and childhood. Very different constructs depict the different aspects of the \"dyadic dance\" occurring between a mother and her infant; nonetheless, a comprehensive and consistent systematization of these concepts in a coherent theoretical landscape is still lacking. Aim: In the present work, we aim at disentangling the different theoretical and methodological definitions of 9 dyadic constructs and we highlight their effects on infants\' and children developmental outcomes. Methods: A literature search has been conducted on three databases-PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. Three different reviews are reported here: (1) a review on the theoretical definitions of dyadic constructs; (2) a
review of operational definitions, settings and methods of dyadic processes; (3) a systematic
review of dyadic processes\' outcomes for infants\' and children developmental trajectories. Results: Two constructs emerged as wide meta-theoretical concepts (reciprocity and mutuality) and seven described specific processes (attunement,
contingency, coordination, matching, mirroring, reparation, synchrony). A global model resuming the relationships among different processes is reported, which highlights the emergence of two specific cycles of dyadic functioning (i.e., matching-mismatching-reparation-synchrony;
contingency, coordination, attunement, mirroring). A comprehensive
review of the adopted measures is also provided. Finally, all the processes provided significant contributions to infants\' behavioral, cognitive, and socio-emotional development during the first 3 years of age, but limited research has been conducted on specific processes (e.g. reparation and mirroring). Conclusion: The present study provides an original research-grounded framework to consider the different nature of mother-infant dyadic processes within a unified dyadic eco-system. Different levels of evidence emerged for the role of diverse mother-infant dyadic processes on infants\' and children development. Open questions and future research directions are highlighted.
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