OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an evidence-based clinical imaging guideline for teeth suspected with vertical root fractures.
METHODS: An adaptation methodology based on the Korean Clinical Imaging Guidelines (K-CIG) was used in the guideline development process. After searching for guidelines using major databases such as Ovid-Medline, Elsevier-Embase, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and Guideline International Network, as well as domestic databases such as KoreaMed, KMbase, and KoMGI, two reviewers analyzed the retrieved articles. The retrieved articles were included in this review using well-established inclusion criteria.
RESULTS: Twenty articles were identified through an online search, of which three were selected for guideline development. Based on these three guidelines, this study developed specific recommendations concerning the optimal imaging modality for diagnosing teeth suspected of vertical root fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: Periapical radiography is the preferred method for assessing teeth with mastication-related pain and suspected vertical root fractures. However, if intraoral radiographs do not provide sufficient information about root fractures, a small FOV CBCT may be considered. However, the use of CBCT in endodontically treated teeth is significantly constrained by the presence of artificial shading.

The aim of a radiographic report is to provide an accurate interpretation of images to facilitate the diagnostic process, and when indicated prompt the appropriate management for the patient. It is part of the patient\'s clinical records. This paper describes the imaging chain involved in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) workflow from referring to reporting on a CBCT scan. It provides guidelines on the essential information required before and immediately after a CBCT scan is taken, and optimizing the viewing conditions. Finally, it describes a framework for a systematic, comprehensive and tailored CBCT radiographic report. It is aimed at endodontists, clinicians and radiologists reporting on CBCT scans of the dentoalveolar region.

The aim of this article is to investigate, study, and summarize cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-related guidelines offered by relevant organizations and associations within North America to provide the dental practitioner a clearer direction on the practice of CBCT-related procedures in North America.
Scientific databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, MedLine, and Web of Science were used for the search of relevant literature on the CBCT guidelines developed in North America. In addition, the World Wide Web was searched for comparative CBCT guidelines nationally or internationally using the same search strategies.
In 1999, the American Dental Association (ADA) recognized Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology as the ninth dental specialty in the United States. The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology (AAOMR) issued their first statement on the use of CBCT in 2008. There have since been several statements issued, independently or jointly with other specialty organizations, related to the use and interpretation of the CBCT volumes. The guidelines identified Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists (OMR) as providers of interpretative services, portrayed as key players in the dissemination of information related to CBCT, implementation of CBCT-related services and radiation protection, as well as interpretation assistance for CBCT volumes, especially medium to large volumes covering anatomical areas of head and neck, considered beyond the scope of a general dentist. Regulations concerning radiation-producing devices are promulgated through state health codes and practice acts. Selection criteria and interpretation of imaging studies are left to the clinician\'s choice and abilities.

OBJECTIVE: Working Group 5 was assigned the task to review the current knowledge in the area of digital technologies. Focused questions on accuracy of linear measurements when using CBCT, digital vs. conventional implant planning, using digital vs. conventional impressions and assessing the accuracy of static computer-aided implant surgery (s-CAIS) and patient-related outcome measurements when using s-CAIS were addressed.
METHODS: The literature was systematically searched, and in total, 232 articles were selected and critically reviewed following PRISMA guidelines. Four systematic reviews were produced in the four subject areas and amply discussed in the group. After emendation, they were presented to the plenary where after further modification, they were accepted.
RESULTS: Static computer-aided surgery (s-CAIS), in terms of pain & discomfort, economics and intraoperative complications, is beneficial compared with conventional implant surgery. When using s-CAIS in partially edentulous cases, a higher level of accuracy can be achieved when compared to fully edentulous cases. When using an intraoral scanner in edentulous cases, the results are dependent on the protocol that has been followed. The accuracy of measurements on CBCT scans is software dependent.
CONCLUSIONS: Because the precision intraoral scans and of measurements on CBCT scans and is not high enough to allow for the required accuracy, s-CAIS should be considered as an additional tool for comprehensive diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical procedures. Flapless s-CAIS can lead to implant placement outside of the zone of keratinized mucosa and thus must be executed with utmost care.

Variation in the root and canal morphology of maxillary second molars is quite common. The most common configuration is three roots and three or four canals. But the presence of an additional palatal root is rather uncommon and has been reported to have an incidence of 1.4%. The extra root is located mesiolingual or distolingual to the primary palatal root. This is a unique case report that describes the successful endodontic management of a maxillary second molar with Radix Distolingualis (RDL). Identification of this variation was done through clinical examination, multi-angled radiographs, surgical operating microscope and an accurate assessment of this morphology was made with the help of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. In addition, this article also discusses the literature review, guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of RDL.