煤炭的生产和利用是土壤中有毒元素(TE)积累的主要途径之一。探索TEs积累趋势对于制定土壤污染战略至关重要,实施具有成本效益的补救,生态风险预警。本研究提供了各种TEs(Cr,Ni,Pb,Co,Cu,Cd,Zn,Fe,Mn,和As)在印度煤矿中。研究结果表明,Cr的平均浓度,Mn,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,和Co分别超过印度的自然背景土壤水平2、4.05、5.32、1.77、9.6和6.15。地质累积指数值显示,27.3%,14.3%,7.7%的煤矿受到Ni的严重污染,Co,和铜,分别。此外,潜在生态风险指数表明,Cd和Ni是煤矿的主要污染物。此外,健康风险评估显示,口服摄入是土壤TM的主要暴露途径。儿童表现出比成人更高的危害指数,铅和铬是它们非致癌风险的主要贡献者。此外,女性和儿童存在致癌风险,以Cr和Cu为主要贡献者。多元统计分析显示,TEs(Cd除外)从人为来源在土壤中积累。对土壤TE浓度未来积累趋势的评估表明,动态增加会对生态和人类产生显着影响。这项研究标志着矿区土壤质量和风险管理的显着改善。
Production and utilization of coal are one of the primary routes of accumulation of Toxic Elements (TEs) in the soil. The exploration of trends in the accumulation of TEs is essential to establishing a soil pollution strategy, implementing cost-effective remediation, and early warnings of ecological risks. This study provides a comprehensive
review of soil concentrations and future accumulation trends of various TEs (Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, and As) in Indian coal mines. The findings revealed that average concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Co surpass India\'s natural background soil levels by factors of 2, 4.05, 5.32, 1.77, 9.6, and 6.15, respectively. Geo-accumulation index values revealed that 27.3%, 14.3%, and 7.7% of coal mines are heavily polluted by Ni, Co, and Cu, respectively. Also, the Potential Ecological Risk Index indicates that Cd and Ni are primary contaminants in coal mines. Besides, the health risk assessment reveals oral ingestion as the main exposure route for soil TMs. Children exhibit a higher hazard index than adults, with Pb and Cr being major contributors to their non-carcinogenic risk. In addition, carcinogenic risks exist for females and children, with Cr and Cu as primary contributors. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TEs (except Cd) accumulated in the soil from anthropogenic sources. The assessment of future accumulation trends in soil TE concentrations reveals dynamic increases that significantly impact both the ecology and humans at elevated levels. This study signifies a substantial improvement in soil quality and risk management in mining regions.