雾网是全球鸟类和蝙蝠研究中使用最广泛的技术之一。然而,涉及许多风险,包括机会主义捕食。考虑到这种潜在的成本,在这里,我们:(1)回顾全球文献,以了解可能导致雾网中捕获的鸟类和蝙蝠捕食风险的因素;(2)回顾现有的雾网最佳实践使用指南;(3)根据我们的评论,建议使用雾网的新指南,以最大程度地减少机会性捕食的风险。基于英语中的关键词,西班牙语,葡萄牙语,和法语,使用谷歌学者,Scopus,Scielo,和WebofScience,我们发现了48篇报道机会性捕食的文章。在包含的文章中,178起捕食事件,涉及52种捕食者和84种猎物,被报道。在大多数报告中,薄雾网被放置在地面上,蝙蝠和鸟被从离地面最近的架子上捕食,薄雾网检查的间隔为1小时或30分钟,最常见的捕食者是树栖和类动物(灵长类动物和有袋动物)。尽管13个国家发生了捕食,只有三份薄雾网使用最佳实践指南,尽管进行了广泛的搜索并与每个国家的关键人物联系。根据现有的指导方针和我们的结果,我们建议将薄雾网固定在离地面至少50厘米的最低架子上,并每隔15分钟进行一次检查;当在薄雾网附近观察到捕食者时,网要么被不断观察,关闭,或搬迁;压制薄雾网周围的植被;尽快将捕获的动物从薄雾网上移走,并且在任何时候都应该有一个以上的研究人员/技术人员在现场。
Mist nets are one of the most widely used techniques in the study of birds and bats worldwide. However, a number of risks are involved, including opportunistic predation. Given this potential cost, here we: (1) review the global literature to understand the factors that might contribute to predation risk for birds and bats captured in mist nets; (2) review existing
guidelines for best practice use of mist nets; and (3) based on our reviews, recommend new
guidelines for the use of mist nets to minimize the risk of opportunistic predation. Based on keyword in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and French, and using Google Scholar, Scopus, SciElo, and Web of Science, we found 48 articles reporting opportunistic predation. In the included articles, 178 predation events, involving 52 predator and 84 prey species, were reported. In most of the reports, the mist nets were placed at ground level, the bats and birds were preyed on from the shelf closest to the ground, the mist-net checks occurred at intervals of 1 h or 30 min and the most common predators were arboreal and scansorial species (primates and marsupials). Despite the occurrences of predation in 13 countries,
guidelines for best practice mist-net use were found in only three, despite extensive searches and contact with key people in each country. Based on the existing
guidelines and our results, we recommend that mist nets be fixed with the lowest shelf at least 50 cm above ground level and be checked at 15-min intervals; when predators are observed near mist nets, the nets either be constantly observed, closed, or relocated; suppressed the vegetation around the mist nets; captured animals be removed from the mist nets as soon as possible, and more than one researcher/technician should be in the field at all times.