在1930年代末和1940年代初,人们发现,用氯取代芳香环上的氢原子产生了一种新的抗菌剂化学。然而,几年之内,这些化合物和制剂中的许多都表现出不良影响,包括人体毒性,生态毒性,以及不必要的环境持久性和生物积累,迅速导致监管禁令和逐步淘汰。其中,三氯卡班,一种多氯芳香抗菌剂,被用作玩具的主要成分,服装,食品包装材料,食品工业地板,医疗用品,尤其是个人护理产品,比如肥皂,牙膏,和洗发水。三氯卡班已经广泛使用了50多年,但直到最近,人们才对其内分泌干扰特性提出了一些担忧。2016年9月,由于其毒性,美国食品和药物管理局禁止将其用于非处方药和沐浴露。三氯卡班的退出促使人们努力寻找新的抗微生物化合物,并且还研究了三氯卡班的几种类似物。在这次审查中,将分析三氯卡班及其类似物的不同方面的检查。
In the late 1930s and early 1940s, it was discovered that the substitution on aromatic rings of hydrogen atoms with chlorine yielded a novel chemistry of antimicrobials. However, within a few years, many of these compounds and formulations showed adverse effects, including human toxicity, ecotoxicity, and unwanted environmental persistence and bioaccumulation, quickly leading to regulatory bans and phase-outs. Among these, the triclocarban, a polychlorinated aromatic antimicrobial agent, was employed as a major ingredient of toys, clothing, food packaging materials, food industry floors, medical supplies, and especially of personal care products, such as soaps, toothpaste, and shampoo. Triclocarban has been widely used for over 50 years, but only recently some concerns were raised about its endocrine disruptive properties. In September 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned its use in over-the-counter hand and body washes because of its toxicity. The withdrawal of triclocarban has prompted the efforts to search for new antimicrobial compounds and several analogues of triclocarban have also been studied. In this
review, an examination of different facets of triclocarban and its analogues will be analyzed.