Abstract：
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobials that are widely applied in personal care products, textiles, and plastics. TCS and TCC exposure at low doses may disturb hormone levels and even facilitate bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In the post-coronavirus disease pandemic era, chronic health effects and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes associated with TCS and TCC exposure represent an increasing concern. This study sought to screen and review the exposure levels and sources and changes after the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, potential health outcomes, bacterial resistance and cross-resistance, and health risk assessment tools associated with TCS and TCC exposure. Daily use of antimicrobial products accounts for most observed associations between internal exposure and diseases, while secondary exposure at trace levels mainly lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The roles of altered gut microbiota in multi-system toxicities warrant further attention. Sublethal dose of TCC selects ARGs without obviously increasing tolerance to TCC. But TCS induce persistent TCS resistance and reversibly select antibiotic resistance, which highlights the benefits of minimizing its use. To derive reference doses (RfDs) for humans, more sensitive endpoints observed in populational studies need to be confirmed using toxicological tests. Additionally, the human equivalent dose is recommended to be incorporated into the health risk assessment to reduce uncertainty of extrapolation.
摘要：
三氯生(TCS)和三氯卡班(TCC)是广泛应用于个人护理产品的抗菌药物,纺织品,和塑料。低剂量的TCS和TCC暴露可能会干扰激素水平，甚至促进细菌对抗生素的耐药性。在后冠状病毒大流行时代，与TCS和TCC暴露相关的慢性健康影响以及抗生素抗性基因的传播日益受到关注.这项研究旨在筛选和审查冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行发作后的暴露水平和来源以及变化，潜在的健康结果，细菌抗性和交叉抗性，以及与TCS和TCC暴露相关的健康风险评估工具。每天使用抗菌产品是观察到的内部暴露与疾病之间大多数关联的原因。而微量水平的二次暴露主要导致抗生素抗性基因的传播。改变的肠道微生物群在多系统毒性中的作用值得进一步关注。亚致死剂量的TCC选择ARG，而不会明显增加对TCC的耐受性。但是TCS诱导持续的TCS抗性并可逆地选择抗生素抗性，这突出了最大限度地减少其使用的好处。为了得出人类的参考剂量(RfDs)，在人群研究中观察到的更敏感的终点需要使用毒理学测试来确认.此外,建议将人体等效剂量纳入健康风险评估,以减少外推的不确定性.
