背景:赤圆圆线虫在热带和亚热带地区特有,但是中欧和北欧的感染报告最近一直在增加。感染主要发生在人和狗身上。在狗中,犬适应型和人畜共患型S.stercoralis基因型似乎都存在。临床表现主要包括胃肠道和呼吸体征。疾病的严重程度可以变化很大,并且取决于宿主的免疫状态。这种感染在免疫抑制个体中可能是致命的,医学上引起的或由于潜在的疾病,其中可能发生过度感染和播散性感染与肠外寄生虫播散。
方法:诊断基于共镜检查,包括浮选和Baermann漏斗技术,小肠活检的组织学和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)和核18SrDNA基因座的高变区I和IV(HVRI和HVRIV)的分子分析。
结果:介绍了奥地利2例严重的犬胸骨链球菌感染的独立病例。在这两种情况下,用Baermann漏斗技术在小肠的组织学切片中检测到了胸骨链球菌。分子分析显示具有人畜共患潜力的菌株。病例1是一只1岁的雌性法国斗牛犬,有长期的呼吸道和胃肠道体征,在诊断为胸骨链球菌感染之前,严重消瘦和冷漠。用莫西丁治疗(2.5mg/kg体重[BW],口服途径)没有消除感染,但用伊维菌素治疗(0.2毫克/千克体重,皮下)成功。病例2由两只2个月大的博美犬幼犬组成,一女一男,从一窝四窝中,在出现呼吸困难和出血性腹泻(女性)或斜颈(男性)后不久死亡;尸检后首次诊断为胸骨链球菌感染。
结论:应该更加注意这种线虫,因为尽管它在奥地利似乎很少见,除非使用Baermann漏斗技术,否则在标准共镜检查中很容易被忽略,即使如此,它可以错过。莫昔克丁并不总是能成功消除感染,在感染的情况下,应考虑使用伊维菌素治疗。
BACKGROUND: Strongyloides stercoralis is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, but
reports of infections in central and northern Europe have been recently increasing. Infections occur mainly in humans and dogs. In dogs, both dog-adapted and zoonotic S. stercoralis genotypes seem to occur. Clinical manifestations mainly include gastrointestinal and respiratory signs. The severity of the disease can vary greatly and depends on the immune status of the host. The infection is potentially fatal in immunosuppressed individuals, either medically induced or due to an underlying disease, in which hyperinfections and disseminated infections with extraintestinal parasite dissemination may occur.
METHODS: Diagnosis was based on coproscopy, including flotation and the Baermann funnel technique, histology of small intestinal biopsies and molecular analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (
COI) and hypervariable regions I and IV (HVR I and HVR IV) of the nuclear 18S rDNA loci.
RESULTS: Two independent cases of severe canine S. stercoralis infection in Austria are presented. In both cases, S. stercoralis was detected in histological sections of the small intestine and with the Baermann funnel technique. Molecular analysis revealed strains with zoonotic potential.
Case 1 was a 1-year-old female French bulldog with a long history of respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, severe emaciation and apathy before S. stercoralis infection was diagnosed. Treatment with moxidectin (2.5 mg/kg body weight [BW], oral route) did not eliminate the infection, but treatment with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg BW, subcutaneously) was successful.
Case 2 consisted of two 2-month-old Pomeranian puppies, one female and one male, from a litter of four, which died soon after presenting dyspnoea and haemorrhagic diarrhoea (female) or torticollis (male); S. stercoralis infection was first diagnosed post-mortem.
CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to this nematode because although it appears to be rare in Austria, it is easily overlooked on standard coproscopy unless a Baermann funnel technique is used, and even then, it can be missed. Moxidectin is not always successful in eliminating the infection, and treatment with ivermectin should be considered in cases of infection.