在这里,我们描述了在急性住院精神病学环境中初始滴定该药物期间氯氮平相关体温过低的独特病例。只有少数关于这个主题的案例已经发表。我们讨论了可能的药理机制,支持或驳斥氯氮平诱导体温过低的倾向,以及氯氮平诱导的低体温的危险因素,以及与氯氮平诱导的热疗的比较。
一名患有难治性分裂情感障碍的70岁非洲裔美国女性在服用氯氮平7天后出现体温过低,最低点温度为89°F(31.7°C),总剂量为50毫克,每天两次。伴随的症状包括心动过缓,低血压,QTc延长,呼吸急促,低氧血症,没有颤抖。病人被转移到ICU,并在10小时内停止服用氯氮平,齐拉西酮,还有卡维地洛.开始使用广谱抗生素,但不久后就停产了,因为病人没有白细胞增多症,血培养呈阴性.
低血糖时,甲状腺功能减退,脓毒症,中风被有效排除,替代药物疾病(包括慢性肾脏疾病),和药物-药物相互作用被认为是可能的贡献特征。苯二氮卓类药物,丙戊酸,齐拉西酮,患者服用的大量抗高血压药物被认为是低体温的主要因素或复合因素.排除或包括这些替代原因后,我们在Naranjo量表上计算了氯氮平诱导的低体温评分为4分(可能).
氯氮平诱导的低体温可能比临床医生认为的更常见。从业者应该认识到这种潜在的致命现象,并在服用氯氮平时监测温度失调,特别是在初始滴定期间,在那些有多种共病因素的人中,以及可能导致体温过低的其他药物。
Here we describe a unique
case of clozapine-associated hypothermia during initial titration of this medication in an acute inpatient psychiatry setting. Only a handful of cases on this topic have been published. We discuss possible pharmacologic mechanisms supporting or refuting the propensity of clozapine to induce hypothermia, as well as risk factors for clozapine-induced hypothermia, and a comparison to clozapine-induced hyperthermia.
A 70 year-old African American female with treatment-refractory schizoaffective disorder developed hypothermia with a nadir temperature of 89 °F (31.7 °C) after 7 days on clozapine, on a total dose of 50 mg twice daily. Accompanying symptoms included bradycardia, hypotension, QTc prolongation, tachypnea, hypoxemia, and an absence of shivering. The patient was transferred to the ICU, and rewarmed within 10 h with the discontinuation of her clozapine, ziprasidone, and carvedilol. Broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated, but discontinued shortly after, as the patient had no leukocytosis, and blood cultures were negative.
While hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, sepsis, and stroke were effectively ruled out, alternative drug-disease (including chronic kidney disease), and drug-drug interactions were considered possible contributing features. Benzodiazepines, valproic acid, ziprasidone, and the numerous antihypertensive agents the patient was taking were considered as either primary or compounding factors for hypothermia. After exclusion or inclusion of these alternative causes, we calculated a score of 4 (possible) for clozapine-induced hypothermia on the Naranjo Scale.
Clozapine-induced hypothermia may occur more commonly than clinicians believe. Practitioners should be cognizant of this potentially fatal phenomenon, and monitor for temperature dysregulations while on clozapine, especially during initial titration, in those with multiple comorbid factors, and on additional medications that may contribute to hypothermia.