The alignment of third molars has largely been overlooked by orthodontists. Since difficulties arise during their eruption, a plethora of surgical procedures is advocated for their management, including prophylactic extraction. This case series describes the use of midfacial development in 4 patients and illustrates successful patterns of third molar eruption.

Diastema between the teeth negatively affects the patients\' smile, psychology and daily activities by creating a disharmony in the patients\' face. The development of diastema has been attributed to several factors such as labial frenulum, microdontia, mesiodens, peg-shaped lateral incisors, agenesis, cysts, habits such as finger sucking, tongue thrusting, or lip sucking, dental malformations, genetics, proclinations, dental-skeletal discrepancies, and imperfect coalescence of interdental septum. Patients often present with complex problems that require a multidisciplinary treatment approach which includes determination of the aetiological factors, soft tissue morphology, occlusion, patient demands and aesthetic consideration to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Lack of current literature on classification of diastemas and multi-disciplinary approach of management led to the proposal of a new classification the ATAC (Anatomic and Therapeutic Classification) for management of the diastema. This case report highlights the use of the proposed classification for management of diastemas, requiring a perio-restorative intervention using a Chu\'s proportion gauge to achieve ideal aesthetics.

This review provides a summary of recent research on biomimetic and bioinspired strategies applied in the field of biomedical material engineering and focusing particularly on calcium phosphate-protein template constructs inspired by biomineralisation. A description of and discussion on the biomineralisation process is followed by a general summary of the application of the biomimetic and bioinspired strategies in the fields of biomedical material engineering and regenerative medicine. Particular attention is devoted to the description of individual peptides and proteins that serve as templates for the biomimetic mineralisation of calcium phosphate. Moreover, the review also presents a description of smart devices including delivery systems and constructs with specific functions. The paper concludes with a summary of and discussion on potential future developments in this field.

Objective: In this pilot study, craniofacial changes associated with biomimetic oral appliance therapy (BOAT) were investigated to test the hypothesis of non-surgical remodeling of the maxillary air sinuses in rhinosinusitis.Methods: Three consecutive Korean patients (mean age 9.3 yrs) presented to a dental office with a history of chronic rhinosinusitis. After obtaining informed consent, 3D cone-beam CT scans were taken that showed circumferential mucosal thickening and inflammatory maxillary sinus disease, obstructed ostiomeatuses, and enlarged inferior turbinates. All cases were treated using BOAT (DNA appliance®).Results: Approximately 10 months after BOAT, the paranasal sinuses were aerated without mucosal thickening; the sinus walls were intact, and the ostiomeatal units were patent. All mean craniofacial parameters measured increased, except the transpalatal bone width, which remained unchanged.Discussion: Although enhancement of the maxillary air sinuses through non-surgical remodeling is suspected in these three cases of pediatric rhinosinusitis, additional studies are warranted.

The paradigm shift obtained with new dental materials permits minimally invasive dentistry, by following a biomimetic approach. Erosion increasingly affects the adult population through dental substance loss by acid attack. Oral rehabilitation is often extensive and requires careful mouth examination and treatments codified in the literature.
This clinical report proposes a reasoned approach to erosion treatment for a 39-year-old male patient presenting several old fixed prostheses. These old restorations are all of correct quality and are retained. The temporomandibular joint was free from disorder. Only defective reconstructions are remade together with eroded teeth, according to a three-step technical protocol. In the first step, mock-up manufacturing is performed which occlusal vertical dimension increased to 1 mm provoking passive dental overeruption to the second and third molars. In all, one ceramic crown was remade, and two ceramic onlays and a resin composite were integrated on the posterior teeth. The last step consisted of palatal veneers on the maxillary incisor and canine, and an aesthetic resin composite on the incisor edge. After these treatments, regular assessments were carried out at 4 months then at 6 months with visual, photographic and radiographic examinations.
The present dental care philosophy is to preserve dental tissue as much as possible, even in large erosion cases, and to respond to the aesthetic and functional expectations of the patient. This methodology requires a thorough evaluation phase, compliance with the protocol and regular patient follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical performance of self-assembling peptide P11 -4 on non-cavitated initial proximal carious lesions 12 months after treatment.
METHODS: Twenty-six patients, aged between 18 and 65 years, with 35 carious lesions were included in this practice-based, uncontrolled, prospective case series. The opacity and size of the proximal lesions were evaluated visually at baseline and at day 360 using standardized single-tooth or bite-wing and digital-subtraction radiography. Pairwise evaluation of images was carried out in a randomized and blinded manner with respect to the time point.
RESULTS: Twelve months after treatment of the proximal carious lesions, the visual evaluation showed a predominant shift toward regression of the initial lesions. Radiographic assessment yielded regression of the caries in 17 of 28 cases; four of 28 were regarded as unchanged, and seven of 28 lesions showed progression of the carious lesion. Combined assessment of clinical radiographs and digital subtraction radiographs confirmed the radiographic assessment, with 20 of 28 lesions showing total or partial regression, four unchanged, and four progressing.
CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic and digital subtraction analyses suggest that initial proximal carious lesions can regress after treatment with P11 -4, but additional factors might influence the overall treatment outcome.

Any insult to the pulp during its development causes cessation of dentin formation and root growth. Pulpal status and degree of root development are the decisive factors in the treatment approach. Various treatment options have been tried like surgery with root-end sealing, calcium hydroxide-apexification, placement of apical plug and regenerative endodontic procedures to induce apexogenesis. An ideal scenario for a necrosed tooth with immature root would be continued root development coupled with regeneration of pulp tissue. We report a case, where revitalization was done using Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) as a scaffold in immature mandibular molar tooth.

Adsorption of chlorinated organic contaminants (COCs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been gaining ground as a remedial platform for groundwater treatment. Applications depend on our mechanistic understanding of COC adsorption on CNTs. This paper lays out the nature of competing interactions at play in hybrid, membrane, and pure CNT based systems and presents results with the perspective of existing gaps in design strategies. First, current remediation approaches to trichloroethylene (TCE), the most ubiquitous of the COCs, is presented along with examination of forces contributing to adsorption of analogous contaminants at the molecular level. Second, we present results on TCE adsorption and remediation on pure and hybrid CNT systems with a stress on the specific nature of substrate and molecular architecture that would contribute to competitive adsorption. The delineation of intermolecular interactions that contribute to efficient remediation is needed for custom, scalable field design of purification systems for a wide range of contaminants.

Whisker movement has been shown to be under active control in certain specialist animals such as rats and mice. Though this whisker movement is well characterized, the role and effect of this movement on subsequent sensing is poorly understood. One method for investigating this phenomena is to generate artificial whisker deflections with robotic hardware under different movement conditions. A limitation of this approach is that assumptions must be made in the design of any artificial whisker actuators, which will impose certain restrictions on the whisker-object interaction. In this paper we present three robotic whisker platforms, each with different mechanical whisker properties and actuation mechanisms. A feature-based classifier is used to simultaneously discriminate radial distance to contact and contact speed for the first time. We show that whisker-object contact speed predictably affects deflection magnitudes, invariant of whisker material or whisker movement trajectory. We propose that rodent whisker control allows the animal to improve sensing accuracy by regulating contact speed induced touch-to-touch variability.