背景:经常期望运动员和军事人员在炎热和/或潮湿的环境中竞争和工作,在那里,性能下降和劳累性热病的风险增加是普遍的。减少热应激的不利影响的生理策略是适应热。
目的:本系统评价的目的是量化运动员和军事人员迁居到较热气候以进行热适应的影响。
方法:研究调查了非适应运动员和军事人员通过搬迁到炎热气候<6周的热适应影响。
方法:MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,CINAHLPlus与全文和Scopus从开始到2022年6月进行了搜索。
■两名作者独立使用了McMaster批判性审查表的修改版本来评估偏倚的风险。
结果:对五种结局指标进行了贝叶斯多水平荟萃分析,包括静息核心温度和心率,热反应测试期间核心温度和心率的变化和出汗率。湿球温度(WBGT),每日训练持续时间和方案长度被用作预测变量.连同后验均值和90%可信区间(CrI),计算方向概率(Pd)。
结果:纳入了来自12项独立研究的18篇文章。14篇文章(9项研究)为荟萃分析提供了数据。在考虑WBGT的同时,每日训练持续时间和协议长度,人口估计表明静息核心温度和心率降低-0.19°C[90%CrI:-0.41至0.05,Pd=91%]和-6次搏动·min-1[90%CrI:-16至5,Pd=83%],分别。此外,热反应测试期间核心温度和心率的升高减弱了-0.24°C[90%CrI:-0.67至0.20,Pd=85%]和-7次·min-1[90%CrI:-18至4,Pd=87%]。出汗率的变化是矛盾的(0.01L·h-1[90%CrI:-0.38至0.40,Pd=53%]),主要是由于两项研究表明热适应后出汗率降低。
结论:运动员和军事人员搬迁到更热气候的数据与静息核心温度和心率的降低是一致的,除了在基于运动的热反应测试期间核心温度和心率的衰减上升。出汗率的增加也是可以实现的,这些适应的程度取决于WBGT,每日训练持续时间和协议长度。
■CRD4202233761。
BACKGROUND: Athletes and military personnel are often expected to compete and work in hot and/or humid environments, where decrements in performance and an increased risk of exertional heat illness are prevalent. A physiological strategy for reducing the adverse effects of heat stress is to acclimatise to the heat.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic
review was to quantify the effects of relocating to a hotter climate to undergo heat acclimatisation in athletes and military personnel.
METHODS: Studies investigating the effects of heat acclimatisation in non-acclimatised athletes and military personnel via relocation to a hot climate for < 6 weeks were included.
METHODS: MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and Scopus were searched from inception to June 2022.
UNASSIGNED: A modified version of the McMaster critical
review form was utilised independently by two authors to assess the risk of bias.
RESULTS: A Bayesian multi-level meta-analysis was conducted on five outcome measures, including resting core temperature and heart rate, the change in core temperature and heart rate during a heat response test and sweat rate. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), daily training duration and protocol length were used as predictor variables. Along with posterior means and 90% credible intervals (CrI), the probability of direction (Pd) was calculated.
RESULTS: Eighteen articles from twelve independent studies were included. Fourteen articles (nine studies) provided data for the meta-analyses. Whilst accounting for WBGT, daily training duration and protocol length, population estimates indicated a reduction in resting core temperature and heart rate of - 0.19 °C [90% CrI: - 0.41 to 0.05, Pd = 91%] and - 6 beats·min-1 [90% CrI: - 16 to 5, Pd = 83%], respectively. Furthermore, the rise in core temperature and heart rate during a heat response test were attenuated by - 0.24 °C [90% CrI: - 0.67 to 0.20, Pd = 85%] and - 7 beats·min-1 [90% CrI: - 18 to 4, Pd = 87%]. Changes in sweat rate were conflicting (0.01 L·h-1 [90% CrI: - 0.38 to 0.40, Pd = 53%]), primarily due to two studies demonstrating a reduction in sweat rate following heat acclimatisation.
CONCLUSIONS: Data from athletes and military personnel relocating to a hotter climate were consistent with a reduction in resting core temperature and heart rate, in addition to an attenuated rise in core temperature and heart rate during an exercise-based heat response test. An increase in sweat rate is also attainable, with the extent of these adaptations dependent on WBGT, daily training duration and protocol length.
UNASSIGNED: CRD42022337761.