METHODS: A total of 106 football referees participated in this study, with 46.2% from the First Spanish Division and 53.8% from the Second Spanish Division, representing 84.13% of the total number of referees. Each participant completed a validated questionnaire about SS consumption, with the SSs classified according to the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) ABCD system: Group A has strong evidence for enhancing athlete health and performance, Group B shows potential benefits but needs more evidence, Group C has inconclusive evidence against use, and Group D includes prohibited substances.
RESULTS: A total of 84.0% of the MRs and ARs reported the consumption of at least one SS. Differences were found only in the consumption of medical supplements between division (p = 0.016) and type of referee (p = 0.041), though no significant differences were found among the remaining AIS SS categories (p > 0.05). Sport performance (49.6%), Internet (41.0%), and dietitian-nutritionists (31.7%) were the primary reason for SS consumption, purchase location, and source of information, respectively. The most frequently consumed SS were whey protein (45.3%), followed by creatine (33.0%), sport bars and sports drinks (28.3%), and caffeine (19.8%).
CONCLUSIONS: MRs and ARs reported a high prevalence of dietary supplement (SS) consumption, with significant differences between division and referee type observed only in medical supplement consumption.
方法:共有106名足球裁判参加了这项研究,西班牙第一师46.2%,西班牙第二师53.8%,占裁判总数的84.13%。每位参与者填写了一份关于SS消费的有效问卷,根据澳大利亚体育学院(AIS)ABCD系统对SS进行分类:A组具有增强运动员健康和表现的有力证据,B组显示出潜在的好处,但需要更多的证据,C组有不确定的使用证据,D组包括违禁物质。
结果:共有84.0%的MR和AR报告了至少一种SS的消耗。仅在分区(p=0.016)和裁判类型(p=0.041)之间的医疗补充剂消费方面存在差异,尽管其余AISSS类别之间没有发现显着差异(p>0.05)。运动性能(49.6%),互联网(41.0%),营养师和营养学家(31.7%)是SS消费的主要原因,购买地点,和信息来源,分别。最常食用的SS是乳清蛋白(45.3%),其次是肌酸(33.0%),运动酒吧和运动饮料(28.3%),和咖啡因(19.8%)。
结论:MRs和ARs报告了膳食补充剂(SS)消费的高患病率,仅在医疗补充剂消费中观察到分区和裁判类型之间的显着差异。