PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Windows provide access to daylight and outdoor views, influencing building design. Various glazing and window shade materials are used to mitigate glare, overheating and privacy issues, and they affect view clarity. Among them, we evaluated the effect of window films, electrochromic (EC) glass, and fabric shades on view clarity. We conducted an experiment with 50 participants using visual tests adapted from clinical vision tests (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity) and images displayed on a computer monitor in a controlled laboratory. Window films and EC glass tints outperformed fabric shades in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and view satisfaction with the exception of the darkest EC tint state and dark grey VLT 3% shade for color sensitivity and view satisfaction. The EC tints pose internal reflection issues and fabric shades are preferred for visual privacy. Window films and EC glass hinder participants\' blue-green color discrimination while fabric shades also decrease red-yellow color discrimination. Visual acuity predicts view satisfaction and contrast sensitivity is the strongest predictor for visual privacy. Generally, higher visible light transmittance and lower solar reflectance (darker color) enhance human visual performance. The proposed workflow provides an experimental procedure, identifies the primary variables and establishes a predictive framework for assessing view clarity of fenestration.
摘要：
窗户提供日光和户外景观，影响建筑设计。各种玻璃和窗户遮阳材料用于减轻眩光，过热和隐私问题，它们会影响视野的清晰度。其中,我们评估了窗膜的效果，电致变色（EC）玻璃，和织物色调对视野的清晰度。我们对50名参与者进行了一项实验，使用根据临床视力测试改编的视觉测试(视敏度，对比敏感度,色彩敏感度）和在受控实验室的计算机显示器上显示的图像。窗膜和EC玻璃色调在视敏度方面优于织物色调，对比敏感度和视图满意度，除了最暗的EC色调状态和深灰色VLT3％的颜色敏感度和视图满意度。EC色调造成内部反射问题，织物色调是视觉隐私的首选。窗膜和EC玻璃阻碍了参与者的蓝绿色辨别，而织物阴影也降低了红黄色辨别。视敏度可预测视图满意度，对比敏感度是视觉隐私的最强预测指标。一般来说,较高的可见光透射率和较低的太阳反射率(较深的颜色)增强了人类的视觉性能。拟议的工作流程提供了一个实验程序，确定主要变量并建立用于评估开窗视图清晰度的预测框架。
