背景:与年龄相关的视力变化显着导致老年驾驶员夜间致命撞车。然而,照明条件对年龄相关视力变化和相关驾驶表现的影响尚不清楚.
目的:这项初步研究检查了由高保真驾驶模拟器评估的60岁及以上驾驶员在3种照明条件下的视觉功能与驾驶表现之间的关联:白天(明视),夜间(中视),和夜晚的眩光。
方法:60岁或以上的活跃驾驶员在高保真驾驶模拟器上参与了视觉功能评估和模拟驾驶。视敏度(VA),对比敏感度函数(CSF),和视野图(VFM)使用定量VA测量,定量CSF,以及明视和中视条件下的定量VFM程序。在存在眩光的情况下,在中视条件下也获得了VA和CSF。两个汇总指标,对数CSF下的面积(AULCSF)和VFM表面下的体积(VUSVFM),定量CSF和VFM。驾驶性能指标(平均速度,速度的SD[SDspeed],车道位置SD(SDLP),和反应时间)在白天进行评估,夜间,和夜间眩光条件。皮尔逊相关性确定了在3种照明条件下视觉功能与驾驶性能之间的关联。
结果:在包含的20个驱动程序中,平均年龄为70.3岁;55%为男性。不良明视VA与更高的SDspeed(r=0.26;P<.001)和更高的SDLP(r=0.31;P<.001)显着相关。浅视AULCSF与较高的SDLP相关(r=-0.22;P=0.01)。不良的中视VUSFVM与较慢的平均速度显着相关(r=-0.24;P=.007),更高的SDspeed(r=-0.19;P=.04),更高的SDLP(r=-0.22;P=0.007),和更长的反应时间(r=-0.22;P=.04),而在夜间驾驶。对于在带眩光的中视条件下的功能视觉,夜间行车时,不良的VA与较长的反应时间(r=0.21;P=0.046)显着相关;不良的AULCSF与较慢的车速(r=-0.32;P<.001)显着相关,夜间眩光驾驶时,SDLP更大(r=-0.26;P=.001)和反应时间更长(r=-0.2;P=.04)。在相同的照明条件下,视觉功能与驾驶性能之间没有其他显着相关性。
结论:老年驾驶员在不同照明条件下的视觉功能对驾驶性能的影响不同,对夜间驾驶有更大的影响,尤其是在眩光中。需要更大样本量的额外研究来证实这些结果。
BACKGROUND: Age-related vision changes significantly contribute to fatal crashes at night among older drivers. However, the effects of lighting conditions on age-related vision changes and associated driving performance remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: This pilot study examined the associations between visual function and driving performance assessed by a high-fidelity driving simulator among drivers 60 and older across 3 lighting conditions: daytime (photopic), nighttime (mesopic), and nighttime with
glare.
METHODS: Active drivers aged 60 years or older participated in visual function assessments and simulated driving on a high-fidelity driving simulator. Visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity function (CSF), and visual field map (VFM) were measured using quantitative VA, quantitative CSF, and quantitative VFM procedures under photopic and mesopic conditions. VA and CSF were also obtained in the presence of
glare in the mesopic condition. Two summary metrics, the area under the log CSF (AULCSF) and volume under the surface of VFM (VUSVFM), quantified CSF and VFM. Driving performance measures (average speed, SD of speed [SDspeed], SD of lane position (SDLP), and reaction time) were assessed under daytime, nighttime, and nighttime with
glare conditions. Pearson correlations determined the associations between visual function and driving performance across the 3 lighting conditions.
RESULTS: Of the 20 drivers included, the average age was 70.3 years; 55% were male. Poor photopic VA was significantly correlated with greater SDspeed (r=0.26; P<.001) and greater SDLP (r=0.31; P<.001). Poor photopic AULCSF was correlated with greater SDLP (r=-0.22; P=.01). Poor mesopic VUSFVM was significantly correlated with slower average speed (r=-0.24; P=.007), larger SDspeed (r=-0.19; P=.04), greater SDLP (r=-0.22; P=.007), and longer reaction times (r=-0.22; P=.04) while driving at night. For functional vision in the mesopic condition with
glare, poor VA was significantly correlated with longer reaction times (r=0.21; P=.046) while driving at night with
glare; poor AULCSF was significantly correlated with slower speed (r=-0.32; P<.001), greater SDLP (r=-0.26; P=.001) and longer reaction times (r=-0.2; P=.04) while driving at night with glare. No other significant correlations were observed between visual function and driving performance under the same lighting conditions.
CONCLUSIONS: Visual functions differentially affect driving performance in different lighting conditions among older drivers, with more substantial impacts on driving during nighttime, especially in glare. Additional research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these results.