背景:本研究旨在探讨中国学龄前儿童在COVID-19爆发期间睫状肌麻痹和非睫状肌麻痹屈光之间的差异,并评估假性近视患病率。
方法:在北京市通州区进行了横断面研究,中国。在非睫状肌麻痹和睫状肌麻痹条件下都可以测量屈光误差。分析了非睫状肌麻痹和睫状肌麻痹球面等效屈光度(SER)与假性近视患病率的差异。假性近视被定义为:在前循环麻痹评估中SER≤-0.50D,在后循环麻痹评估中>-0.50D。
结果:在参与研究的1487名参与者中,年龄在3-6岁之间的1471人(98.92%)完成了所有必需的程序。在非睫状肌麻痹和睫状肌麻痹测量之间观察到屈光统计学上的显着差异,球面等效屈光度(SER)的中位数为0.88D(屈光度)(0.50,1.38)。两种气瓶方法之间存在较高的组内相关性(ICC)(ICC=0.864;95%CI,0.850-0.877)。近视的DSE中位数,近视和远视分别为0.25D(0.00,0.38),0.25D(0.06,0.50)和1.00D(0.62,1.38),超常动物比近视眼和超常动物表现出更大的差异(Kruskal-Wallis检验,H=231.023,P=0.000)。此外,女孩比男孩表现出更大的DSE。此外,当比较对照规则(ATR)和倾斜散光时,发现规则(WTR)散光具有最大的DSE。研究发现近视患病率不同,正视,和远视有或没有睫状肌麻痹,其中1.90%与10.06%,11.49%与50.31%,和86.61%vs.39.63%,分别。此外,假性近视的总体患病率为8.29%.与非假性近视参与者相比,假性近视参与者的SER(DSE)平均差异明显更高。
结论:在测量学龄前儿童的屈光不正时,自行车麻痹性屈光比非自行车麻痹性屈光更敏感。在COVID-19爆发期间,假性近视在学龄前儿童中普遍存在。我们的研究表明,学龄前儿童应常规进行睫状肌麻痹屈光的可能性。
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the difference between cycloplegic and noncycloplegic refraction and evaluate the pseudomyopia prevalence in Chinese preschool children during the outbreak of COVID-19.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, China. Refractive error was measured under both noncycloplegic and cycloplegic conditions with autorefraction. The difference between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and pseudomyopia prevalence were analyzed. Pseudomyopia was defined as SER ≤-0.50D in precycloplegic assessments and >-0.50D in post-cycloplegic assessments.
RESULTS: Out of the 1487 participants who were enrolled in the study, 1471 individuals (98.92%) between the ages of 3-6 years completed all required procedures. A statistically significant difference in refraction was observed between noncycloplegic and cycloplegic measurements, the median of difference in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of 0.88D (dioptre)(0.50,1.38). There was a high intraclass correlation (ICC) between these two methods for cylinders (ICC = 0.864; 95% CI, 0.850-0.877). The median DSE for myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia were 0.25D (0.00, 0.38),0.25D (0.06, 0.50) and 1.00D (0.62, 1.38), an hypermetropes showed considerably greater differences than myopes and emmetropes (Kruskal-Wallis test, H = 231.023, P = 0.000). Additionally, girls displayed a greater DSE than boys. Furthermore, when comparing against-the-rule (ATR) and oblique astigmatism, it was found that with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism had the largest DSE. The study found varying prevalence rates of myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia with and without cycloplegia, which were 1.90% vs. 10.06%, 11.49% vs. 50.31%, and 86.61% vs. 39.63%, respectively. Additionally, the overall prevalence of pseudomyopia was determined to be 8.29%. Participants with pseudomyopia had a significantly higher mean difference in SER (DSE) compared to non-pseudomyopic participants.
CONCLUSIONS: Cycloplegic refraction is more sensitive than a noncycloplegic one for measuring refractive error in preschool children. Pseudomyopia is prevalent in preschool children during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Our study indicates the possibility that cycloplegic refraction should be performed in preschool children routinely.