背景:含有苦杏仁苷(AMG)作为主要的生氰糖苷的杏仁可能可用作治疗包括癌症在内的多种疾病的补充疗法。然而,关于AMG的毒性和治疗剂量知之甚少,特别是在男性繁殖方面。因此,这项研究评估了体内给予AMG或杏核28天后兔睾丸组织的选定定性特征。
方法:将家兔随机分为5组(对照组,P1、P2、P3、P4)。对照组不接受AMG/杏仁,而实验组P1和P2每天肌内注射苦杏仁苷,剂量为0.6和3.0mg/kg体重(b.w.),持续28天,分别。P3和P4接受每日剂量为60和300毫克/千克b.w.压碎的杏仁与饲料混合28天,分别。对睾丸结构的变化进行形态学定量,在对组织裂解物进行活性氧(ROS)产生评估的同时,总抗氧化能力,抗氧化酶的活性,和谷胱甘肽浓度。还定量了对蛋白质和脂质的损伤程度。通过酶联免疫吸附测定确定所选细胞因子的水平,同时使用发光方法评估胱天蛋白酶的活性。
结果:用3.0mg/kgb.w.AMG处理的兔子表现出蛋白质氧化显着增加(p=0.0118),并伴有超氧化物歧化酶的消耗(p=0.0464),过氧化氢酶(p=0.0317),和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(p=0.0002)。白细胞介素-1β水平显著升高(p=0.0012),肿瘤坏死因子α(p=0.0159),caspase-3/7(p=0.0014),当与对照相比时,实验组P2中也记录到caspase-9(p=0.0243)。在用杏仁处理的兔子中没有观察到氧化的影响,炎症,和组织病理学水平。
结论:杏仁对雄性兔睾丸组织无毒性作用,不像纯AMG,通过氧化对男性生殖结构产生负面影响,炎症,和促凋亡机制。
BACKGROUND: Apricot kernels containing amygdalin (AMG) as the major cyanogenic glycoside are potentially useful as a complementary therapy for the management of several ailments including cancer. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the toxic and therapeutic doses of AMG, particularly in terms of male reproduction. Hence, this study evaluates selected qualitative characteristics of rabbit testicular tissue following in vivo administration of AMG or apricot kernels for 28 days.
METHODS: The rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (Control, P1, P2, P3, P4). The Control received no AMG/apricot kernels while the experimental groups P1 and P2 received a daily intramuscular injection of amygdalin at a dose of 0.6 and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight (b.w.) for 28 days, respectively. P3 and P4 received a daily dose of 60 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of crushed apricot kernels mixed with feed for 28 days, respectively. Changes to the testicular structure were quantified morphometrically, while tissue lysates were subjected to the evaluation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, total antioxidant capacity, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and glutathione concentration. The extent of damage to the proteins and lipids was quantified as well. Levels of selected cytokines were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay while a luminometric approach was used to assess the activity of caspases.
RESULTS: Rabbits treated with 3.0 mg/kg b.w. AMG presented a significantly increased protein oxidation (p = 0.0118) accompanied by a depletion of superoxide dismutase (p = 0.0464), catalase (p = 0.0317), and glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.0002). Significantly increased levels of interleukin-1 beta (p = 0.0012), tumor necrosis factors alpha (p = 0.0159), caspase-3/7 (p = 0.0014), and caspase-9 (p = 0.0243) were also recorded in the experimental group P2 when compared to the Control. No effects were observed in the rabbits treated with apricot kernels at the oxidative, inflammatory, and histopathological levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Apricot kernels did not induce toxicity in the testicular tissues of male rabbits, unlike pure AMG, which had a negative effect on male reproductive structures carried out through oxidative, inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic mechanisms.