细胞外聚合物(EPS)是微生物的细胞外代谢产物,与微生物功能高度相关,适应,和增长。EPS中的主要化合物已被发现是蛋白质,多糖,核酸,腐殖质,脂质,等。EPS不仅是生物质,也是一种生物材料。EPS具有较高的比表面,丰富的官能团,和优良的降解性。此外,它们比微生物细胞本身更容易延伸到环境中,这展示了他们巨大的优势。因此,它们已经被应用在许多领域,比如环境,生态系统,基本商品,和医学。然而,EPS的功能高度依赖于合适的提取工艺,由于不同的提取方法对其成分有不同的影响,结构,和功能。有许多类型的EPS提取方法,其中物理和化学方法已被广泛使用。本文综述了EPS的提取方法和应用。此外,它考虑了当前知识中的一些重要差距,并指出了EPS对未来研究的展望。
Extracellular polymeric substances (
EPS) are extracellular metabolites of microorganisms, highly associated with microbial function, adaptation, and growth. The main compounds in EPS have been revealed to be proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, humic substances, lipids, etc.
EPS are not only biomass, but also a biogenic material.
EPS have high specific surface, abundant functional groups, and excellent degradability. In addition, they are more extensible to the environment than the microbial cells themselves, which exhibits their huge advantages. Therefore, they have been applied in many fields, such as the environment, ecosystem, basic commodities, and medicine. However, the functions of EPS highly depend on the suitable extraction process, as different extraction methods have different effects on their composition, structure, and function. There are many types of EPS extraction methods, in which physical and chemical methods have been widely utilized. This review summarizes the extraction methods and applications of
EPS. In addition, it considers some important gaps in current knowledge, and indicates perspectives of
EPS for their future study.