Abstract：
The electrokinetic (EK) process has been proposed for soil decontamination from heavy metals and organic matter. The advantages of the EK process include the low operating energy, suitability for fine-grained soil decontamination, and no need for excavation. During the last three decades, enhanced and hybrid EK systems were developed and tested for improving the efficiency of contaminants removal from soils. Chemically enhanced-EK processes exhibited excellent efficiency in removing contaminants by controlling the soil pH or the chemical reaction of contaminants. EK hybrid systems were tested to overcome environmental hurdles or technical drawbacks of decontamination technologies. Hybridization of the EK process with phytoremediation, bioremediation, or reactive filter media (RFM) improved the remediation process performance by capturing contaminants or facilitating biological agents\' movement in the soil. Also, EK process coupling with solar energy was proposed to treat off-grid contaminated soils or reduce the EK energy requirements. This study reviews recent advancements in the enhancement and hybrid EK systems for soil remediation and the type of contaminants targeted by the process. The study also covered the impact of operating parameters, imperfect pollution separation, and differences in the physicochemical characteristics and microstructure of soil/sediment on the EK performance. Finally, a comparison between various remediation processes was presented to highlight the pros and cons of these technologies.
摘要：
电动（EK）过程已被提出用于土壤重金属和有机物的净化。EK工艺的优点包括低操作能量，细粒土壤去污的适用性，也不需要挖掘.在过去的三十年里，增强和混合EK系统的开发和测试，以提高从土壤中去除污染物的效率。通过控制土壤pH值或污染物的化学反应，化学增强的EK工艺在去除污染物方面表现出优异的效率。对EK混合系统进行了测试，以克服环境障碍或去污技术的技术缺陷。EK过程与植物修复的杂交，生物修复，或反应性过滤介质（RFM）通过捕获污染物或促进生物制剂在土壤中的移动来提高修复工艺性能。此外，提出了与太阳能耦合的EK工艺来处理离网污染土壤或降低EK能量需求。这项研究回顾了用于土壤修复的增强和混合EK系统的最新进展以及该过程针对的污染物类型。该研究还涵盖了操作参数的影响，不完善的污染分离，土壤/沉积物的理化特性和微观结构对EK性能的影响也存在差异。最后,提出了各种补救过程之间的比较，以强调这些技术的利弊。
