化学污染物和/或气候变化有可能打破物种之间的生殖障碍并促进杂交。混合带可能是由于环境梯度和以前的异形种群之间的二次接触而产生的。或者由于引入了非本地物种。在淡水生态系统中,现场观察表明,水质和化学性质的变化,由于污染和气候变化,与杂交频率增加相关。水质的物理和化学干扰可以改变感官环境,从而影响鱼类之间的化学和视觉交流。此外,多种化合物(例如药物,金属,杀虫剂,和工业污染物)可能会损害鱼类的生理机能,潜在影响与配偶选择相关的表型性状(例如信息素生产,求爱,和着色)。尽管变暖的水域导致了有记录的范围变化,化学污染在淡水生态系统中无处不在,很少有研究测试有关这些压力源如何促进杂交以及这对生物多样性和物种保护意味着什么的假设。通过跨学科(即生态毒理学和进化生物学)的系统文献综述,我们评估生物相互作用,毒性机制,以及物理和化学环境应激源(即化学污染和气候变化)在破坏配偶偏好和诱导淡水鱼种间杂交中的作用。我们的研究表明,气候变化驱动的水质和化学污染变化可能会影响对配偶选择至关重要的视觉和化学交流,从而促进淡水生态系统中鱼类之间的杂交。为未来的研究和保护管理提供信息,我们强调进一步研究以确定影响配偶选择的化学和物理应激源的重要性,了解这些互动背后的机制,确定它们发生的浓度,并评估它们对个人的影响,人口,物种,人类世的生物多样性。
Chemical pollutants and/or climate change have the potential to break down reproductive barriers between species and facilitate hybridization. Hybrid zones may arise in response to environmental gradients and secondary contact between formerly allopatric populations, or due to the introduction of non-native species. In freshwater ecosystems, field observations indicate that changes in water quality and chemistry, due to pollution and climate change, are correlated with an increased frequency of hybridization. Physical and chemical disturbances of water quality can alter the sensory environment, thereby affecting chemical and visual communication among fish. Moreover, multiple chemical compounds (e.g. pharmaceuticals, metals, pesticides, and industrial
contaminants) may impair fish physiology, potentially affecting phenotypic traits relevant for mate selection (e.g. pheromone production, courtship, and coloration). Although warming waters have led to documented range shifts, and chemical pollution is ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, few studies have tested hypotheses about how these stressors may facilitate hybridization and what this means for biodiversity and species conservation. Through a systematic literature review across disciplines (i.e. ecotoxicology and evolutionary biology), we evaluate the biological interactions, toxic mechanisms, and roles of physical and chemical environmental stressors (i.e. chemical pollution and climate change) in disrupting mate preferences and inducing interspecific hybridization in freshwater fish. Our study indicates that climate change-driven changes in water quality and chemical pollution may impact visual and chemical communication crucial for mate choice and thus could facilitate hybridization among fishes in freshwater ecosystems. To inform future studies and conservation management, we emphasize the importance of further research to identify the chemical and physical stressors affecting mate choice, understand the mechanisms behind these interactions, determine the concentrations at which they occur, and assess their impact on individuals, populations, species, and biological diversity in the Anthropocene.