Abstract：
Temperature and humidity are studied in the context of seasonal infections in temperate and tropical zones, but the relationship between viral trends and climate variables in temperate subtropical zones remains underexplored. Our retrospective study analyzes respiratory pathogen incidence and its correlation with climate data in a subtropical zone. Retrospective observational study at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, South Brazil, aiming to assess seasonal trends in respiratory pathogens, correlating them with climate data. The study included patients of all ages from various healthcare settings, with data collected between April 2022 and July 2023. Biological samples were analyzed for 24 pathogens using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization techniques; demographic variables were also collected. The data was analyzed descriptively and graphically. Spearman tests and Poisson regression were used as correlation tests. Tests were clustered according to all pathogens, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Between April 2022 and July 2023, 3329 tests showed a 71.6% positivity rate. Rhinovirus and RSV predominated, exhibiting seasonal patterns. Temperature was inversely correlated with the viruses, notably rhinovirus, but SARS-CoV-2 was positively correlated. Air humidity was positively correlated with all pathogens, RSV, rhinovirus, and atmospheric pressure with all pathogens and rhinovirus. Our results showed statistically significant correlations, with modest effect sizes. Our study did not evaluate causation effects. Despite the correlation between climate and respiratory pathogens, our work suggests additional factors influencing transmission dynamics. Our findings underscore the complex interplay between climate and respiratory infections in subtropical climates.
摘要：
在温带和热带地区的季节性感染的背景下研究温度和湿度，但是，在温带亚热带地区，病毒趋势与气候变量之间的关系仍未得到充分探索。我们的回顾性研究分析了亚热带地区的呼吸道病原体发病率及其与气候数据的相关性。MoinhosdeVento医院的回顾性观察研究，南巴西,旨在评估呼吸道病原体的季节性趋势，将它们与气候数据相关联。该研究包括来自各种医疗机构的所有年龄段的患者，数据收集在2022年4月至2023年7月之间。使用聚合酶链反应和杂交技术分析了24种病原体的生物样品；还收集了人口统计学变量。对数据进行了描述性和图形化分析。使用Spearman检验和Poisson回归作为相关检验。根据所有病原体进行分类检测，严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2），流感病毒,鼻病毒,和呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）。在2022年4月至2023年7月期间，3329项测试显示阳性率为71.6%。鼻病毒和RSV占主导地位，表现出季节性模式。温度与病毒呈负相关，特别是鼻病毒，但SARS-CoV-2呈正相关。空气湿度与所有病原体呈正相关,RSV,鼻病毒,以及所有病原体和鼻病毒的大气压。我们的结果显示了统计学上显著的相关性，具有适度的效果大小。我们的研究没有评估因果关系。尽管气候与呼吸道病原体之间存在相关性，我们的工作提出了影响传输动力学的其他因素。我们的发现强调了亚热带气候中气候与呼吸道感染之间复杂的相互作用。
