背景:环境因素极大地影响传染病相关死亡率,然而,缺乏对当代负担和趋势的全面的全球研究。这项研究旨在评估空气污染导致的传染病死亡率的全球负担和趋势。不安全的水,卫生条件差,和1990年至2019年社会人口指数(SDI)地区的非最佳温度。
方法:这项观察性研究利用了全球疾病负担研究的数据,以检查1990年至2019年间由环境风险因素引起的传染病的死亡率,包括空气污染。不安全的水,卫生,洗手设施(UWSH),和非最佳温度。使用年龄标准化死亡率(ASMR)和估计的年度变化百分比(EAPC)来显示传染病死亡率。及其多年来受环境风险因素影响的轨迹。从1990年到2019年,进行了非线性回归,以探讨各地区SDI和ASMR之间的关联。
结果:2019年,全球传染病死亡与空气污染有关,UWSH,非最佳温度达到了惊人的2,556,992。SDI地区的疾病死亡率差异很大,在低SDI地区,空气污染和UWSH造成的死亡人数最多,以及主要在高SDI地区因非最佳温度而死亡。出现了年龄差异,五岁以下儿童和老人受影响最大。然而,由于与UWSH相关的肠道感染,高SDI地区的老年人(65-69,75-79和80岁以上)的死亡率呈现上升趋势.全球范围内,从1990年到2019年,与这些因素有关的所有疾病的ASMR持续下降,除了与非最佳温度有关的呼吸道感染。
结论:我们的研究强调了空气污染的重大影响,UWSH,和非最佳温度对全球传染病死亡率的影响,特别是在儿童和老人等弱势群体中。通过旨在提高环境质量的有针对性的干预措施来应对这些挑战是很重要的。改善水和卫生系统,控制极端温度。此外,国际合作对于弥合地区差距和推动全球公共卫生倡议至关重要,从而帮助更有效地实现可持续发展目标。
BACKGROUND: Environmental factors greatly impact infectious disease-related mortality, yet there\'s a lack of comprehensive global studies on the contemporary burden and trends. This study aims to evaluate the global burden and trends of infectious disease mortality caused by air pollution, unsafe water, poor sanitation, and non-optimal
temperature across Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS: This observational study utilized data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study to examine mortality rates from infectious diseases attributed to environmental risk factors between 1990 and 2019, including air pollution, unsafe water, sanitation, handwashing facilities (UWSH), and non-optimal temperatures. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) were utilized to present infectious disease mortality, and its trajectory influenced by environmental risk factors over the years. Nonlinear regression was conducted to explore the association between the SDI and ASMRs across regions from 1990 to 2019.
RESULTS: In 2019, global infectious disease deaths linked to air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal
temperature reached a startling 2,556,992. Disease mortality varied widely across SDI regions, with the highest number of deaths due to air pollution and UWSH in Low SDI regions, and deaths from non-optimal
temperature primarily in High SDI regions. Age disparities emerged, with children under five and the elderly most affected. However, an increasing mortality trend was observed among seniors (65-69, 75-79, and over 80) in High SDI regions due to enteric infections linked to UWSH. Globally, a consistent decrease in ASMR was seen from 1990 to 2019 for all diseases connected to these factors, except for respiratory infections linked to non-optimal
temperature.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the significant impact of air pollution, UWSH, and non-optimal temperatures on global infectious disease mortality, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. It\'s important to tackle these challenges with targeted interventions aiming to enhance environmental quality, improve water and sanitation systems, and control extreme temperatures. In addition, international cooperation is essential for bridging regional disparities and driving global public health initiatives forward, thereby helping achieve Sustainable Development Goals more effectively.