Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Microbial communities affect several aspects of the earth\'s ecosystem through their metabolic interaction. The dynamics of this interaction emerge from complex multilevel networks of crosstalk. Elucidation of this interaction could help us to maintain the balance for a sustainable future.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical language among highly abundant microbial genera in the rhizospheres of medicinal plants based on the metabolomic analysis at the interaction level.
METHODS: Coculturing experiments involving three microbial species: Aspergillus (A), Trichoderma (T), and Bacillus (B), representing fungi (A, T) and bacteria (B), respectively. These experiments encompassed various interaction levels, including dual cultures (AB, AT, TB) and triple cultures (ATB). Metabolic profiling by LC-QTOFMS revealed the effect of interaction level on the productivity and diversity of microbial specialized metabolites.
RESULTS: The ATB interaction had the richest profile, while the bacterial profile in the monoculture condition had the lowest. Two native compounds of the Aspergillus genus, aspergillic acid and the dipeptide asperopiperazine B, exhibited decreased levels in the presence of the AT interaction and were undetectable in the presence of bacteria during the interaction. Trichodermarin N and Trichodermatide D isolated from Trichoderma species exclusively detected during coexistence with bacteria (TB and ATB). These findings indicate that the presence of Bacillus activates cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters in Trichoderma. The antibacterial activity of mixed culture extracts was stronger than that of the monoculture extracts. The TB extract exhibited strong antifungal activity compared to the monoculture extract and other mixed culture treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: The elucidation of medicinal plant microbiome interaction chemistry and its effect on the environment will also be of great interest in the context of medicinal plant health Additionally, it sheds light on the content of bioactive constituents, and facilitating the discovery of novel antimicrobials.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical language among highly abundant microbial genera in the rhizospheres of medicinal plants based on the metabolomic analysis at the interaction level.
METHODS: Coculturing experiments involving three microbial species: Aspergillus (A), Trichoderma (T), and Bacillus (B), representing fungi (A, T) and bacteria (B), respectively. These experiments encompassed various interaction levels, including dual cultures (AB, AT, TB) and triple cultures (ATB). Metabolic profiling by LC-QTOFMS revealed the effect of interaction level on the productivity and diversity of microbial specialized metabolites.
RESULTS: The ATB interaction had the richest profile, while the bacterial profile in the monoculture condition had the lowest. Two native compounds of the Aspergillus genus, aspergillic acid and the dipeptide asperopiperazine B, exhibited decreased levels in the presence of the AT interaction and were undetectable in the presence of bacteria during the interaction. Trichodermarin N and Trichodermatide D isolated from Trichoderma species exclusively detected during coexistence with bacteria (TB and ATB). These findings indicate that the presence of Bacillus activates cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters in Trichoderma. The antibacterial activity of mixed culture extracts was stronger than that of the monoculture extracts. The TB extract exhibited strong antifungal activity compared to the monoculture extract and other mixed culture treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: The elucidation of medicinal plant microbiome interaction chemistry and its effect on the environment will also be of great interest in the context of medicinal plant health Additionally, it sheds light on the content of bioactive constituents, and facilitating the discovery of novel antimicrobials.
摘要：
背景：微生物群落通过它们的代谢相互作用影响地球生态系统的几个方面。这种相互作用的动力学来自复杂的多级串扰网络。阐明这种互动可以帮助我们保持平衡，以实现可持续的未来。
目的：基于代谢组学分析，在相互作用水平上研究药用植物根际高丰度微生物属之间的化学语言。
方法：共培养实验涉及三种微生物：曲霉（A），木霉(T),和芽孢杆菌（B），代表真菌(A，T)和细菌(B)，分别。这些实验涵盖了各种互动水平，包括双重文化(AB，AT,TB）和三重培养（ATB）。通过LC-QTOFMS进行的代谢谱分析揭示了相互作用水平对微生物专门代谢产物的生产力和多样性的影响。
结果：ATB相互作用最丰富，而单一培养条件下的细菌谱最低。曲霉属的两种天然化合物，曲霉酸和二肽哌嗪B，在存在AT相互作用的情况下表现出降低的水平，并且在相互作用期间在存在细菌的情况下无法检测到。在与细菌（TB和ATB）共存期间，从木霉属物种中分离的木霉素N和木霉肽D。这些发现表明，芽孢杆菌的存在激活了木霉中的隐蔽生物合成基因簇。混合培养提取物的抗菌活性强于单一培养提取物。与单一培养物提取物和其他混合培养物处理相比,TB提取物表现出强的抗真菌活性。
结论：药用植物微生物组相互作用化学及其对环境的影响的阐明在药用植物健康的背景下也将引起极大的兴趣。它揭示了生物活性成分的含量，并促进新型抗菌药物的发现。
目的：基于代谢组学分析，在相互作用水平上研究药用植物根际高丰度微生物属之间的化学语言。
方法：共培养实验涉及三种微生物：曲霉（A），木霉(T),和芽孢杆菌（B），代表真菌(A，T)和细菌(B)，分别。这些实验涵盖了各种互动水平，包括双重文化(AB，AT,TB）和三重培养（ATB）。通过LC-QTOFMS进行的代谢谱分析揭示了相互作用水平对微生物专门代谢产物的生产力和多样性的影响。
结果：ATB相互作用最丰富，而单一培养条件下的细菌谱最低。曲霉属的两种天然化合物，曲霉酸和二肽哌嗪B，在存在AT相互作用的情况下表现出降低的水平，并且在相互作用期间在存在细菌的情况下无法检测到。在与细菌（TB和ATB）共存期间，从木霉属物种中分离的木霉素N和木霉肽D。这些发现表明，芽孢杆菌的存在激活了木霉中的隐蔽生物合成基因簇。混合培养提取物的抗菌活性强于单一培养提取物。与单一培养物提取物和其他混合培养物处理相比,TB提取物表现出强的抗真菌活性。
结论：药用植物微生物组相互作用化学及其对环境的影响的阐明在药用植物健康的背景下也将引起极大的兴趣。它揭示了生物活性成分的含量，并促进新型抗菌药物的发现。
