Abstract：
Human-generated aerosol pollution gradually modifies the atmospheric chemical and physical attributes, resulting in significant changes in weather patterns and detrimental effects on agricultural yields. The current study assesses the loss in agricultural productivity due to weather and anthropogenic aerosol variations for rice and maize crops through the analysis of time series data of India spanning from 1998 to 2019. The average values of meteorological variables like maximum temperature (TMAX), minimum temperature (TMIN), rainfall, and relative humidity, as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD), have also shown an increasing tendency, while the average values of soil moisture and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) have followed a decreasing trend over that period. This study\'s primary finding is that unusual variations in weather variables like maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, soil moisture, and FAPAR resulted in a reduction in rice and maize yield of approximately (2.55%, 2.92%, 2.778%, 4.84%, 2.90%, and 2.82%) and (5.12%, 6.57%, 6.93%, 6.54%, 4.97%, and 5.84%), respectively. However, the increase in aerosol pollution is also responsible for the reduction of rice and maize yield by 7.9% and 8.8%, respectively. In summary, the study presents definitive proof of the detrimental effect of weather, FAPAR, and AOD variability on the yield of rice and maize in India during the study period. Meanwhile, a time series analysis of rice and maize yields revealed an increasing trend, with rates of 0.888 million tons/year and 0.561 million tons/year, respectively, due to the adoption of increasingly advanced agricultural techniques, the best fertilizer and irrigation, climate-resilient varieties, and other factors. Looking ahead, the ongoing challenge is to devise effective long-term strategies to combat air pollution caused by aerosols and to address its adverse effects on agricultural production and food security.
摘要：
人类产生的气溶胶污染逐渐改变了大气的化学和物理属性，导致天气模式发生重大变化，并对农业产量产生不利影响。本研究通过分析1998年至2019年印度的时间序列数据，评估了水稻和玉米作物的天气和人为气溶胶变化导致的农业生产力损失。气象变量的平均值，如最高温度(TMAX)，最低温度(TMIN),降雨,和相对湿度，以及气溶胶光学深度(AOD)，也显示出越来越大的趋势，在此期间，土壤水分的平均值和吸收的光合有效辐射（FAPAR）的比例呈下降趋势。这项研究的主要发现是，天气变量的异常变化，如最高和最低温度，降雨,相对湿度,土壤湿度,和FAPAR导致水稻和玉米产量减少约(2.55%，2.92%,2.778%,4.84%，2.90%,和2.82%）和（5.12%，6.57%，6.93%,6.54%，4.97%,和5.84%），分别。然而,气溶胶污染的增加也导致水稻和玉米减产7.9%和8.8%，分别。总之,这项研究提供了天气有害影响的明确证据，FAPAR,和AOD变异性对研究期间印度水稻和玉米产量的影响。同时,对水稻和玉米产量的时间序列分析显示出增长趋势，分别为808.8万吨/年和56.1万吨/年，分别,由于采用了越来越先进的农业技术，最好的肥料和灌溉，气候适应型品种，和其他因素。展望未来,目前的挑战是制定有效的长期战略，以应对气溶胶造成的空气污染，并解决其对农业生产和粮食安全的不利影响。
