Abstract：
When people indicate the vanishing location of a moving target that suddenly disappears, systematic errors forward (in the direction of motion) and downward (in the direction of gravity) emerge. These spatial displacements were coined, respectively, Representational Momentum and Representational Gravity, and are believed to reflect internalized ecologically relevant physical invariants useful for the anticipation of future states of an event. Previous research has shown that sports athletes exhibit increased Representational Momentum, indicating enhanced motion extrapolation and anticipation, albeit it is still not clear up to what degree this effect is specific for the expertise context or if it generalizes to other dynamic events. Furthermore, the influence of expertise on Representational Gravity, particularly in contexts where anticipation of vertically moving objects is crucial, remains understudied. This study aimed to address these gaps by focusing on Volleyball as a context of expertise due to the prevalence of fast vertically moving balls. Volleyball athletes and non-athletes indicated the perceived offset location of a smoothly moving target, which moved at a constant speed or was subjected to acceleration/deceleration, embedded either in a Volleyball or neutral context. Outcomes revealed that for the Volleyball context, athletes, but not non-athletes, revealed a significant trend to misperceive targets moving along the left diagonal to be further displaced forward beyond what would be expected due to Representational Momentum alone. This finding is discussed in relation to the natural statistics of Volleyball games, where crossed ball trajectories, particularly by the outside hitter, are more prevalent, fast, and offensive, requiring better anticipation to be efficiently dealt with.
摘要：
当人们指出突然消失的移动目标的消失位置时，系统误差向前（在运动方向）和向下（在重力方向）出现。这些空间位移是创造出来的，分别,代表性动量和代表性重力，并被认为反映了内化的生态相关物理不变量，可用于预测事件的未来状态。以前的研究表明，体育运动员表现出增加的代表性动量，指示增强的运动外推和预期，尽管目前尚不清楚这种影响在多大程度上是针对专业知识背景的，还是推广到其他动态事件。此外，专业知识对代表性重力的影响，特别是在预期垂直移动物体至关重要的情况下，仍未研究。由于快速垂直移动的球普遍存在，这项研究旨在通过将排球作为专业知识的背景来解决这些差距。排球运动员和非运动员指示平滑移动目标的感知偏移位置，以恒定速度移动或受到加速/减速，嵌入在排球或中性上下文中。结果显示，在排球背景下，运动员,但不是非运动员，揭示了一种明显的趋势，即误以为沿左对角线移动的目标会进一步向前移动，超出仅由于代表性动量而导致的预期。这一发现与排球比赛的自然统计数据有关，交叉的球轨迹，特别是外面的击球手，更普遍，快,和冒犯,需要更好的预期才能得到有效的处理。
