Abstract：
Profenofos insecticide poses risks to nontarget organisms including mammals and hydrobionts, and its effects on crops are not known. This study examined the invisible toxicity of profenofos on pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.), using transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Profenofos inhibited the photosynthetic efficiency and light energy absorption by leaves and severely damaged the chloroplasts, causing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Metabolomic analysis confirmed that profenofos promoted the conversion of β-carotene into abscisic acid (ABA), as evidenced by the upregulation of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway genes: zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED3), and xanthoxin dehydrogenase (XanDH). The inhibitory effects on carotenoid accumulation, photosynthesis, and increased ABA and ROS contents of the leaves led to invisible injury and stunted growth of the pakchoi plants. The findings of this study revealed the toxicological risk of profenofos to nontarget crops and provide guidance for the safe use of insecticides.
摘要：
Profenofos杀虫剂对包括哺乳动物和水生生物在内的非目标生物构成风险，其对农作物的影响尚不清楚。这项研究检查了profenofos对小白菜（BrassicarapaL.）的无形毒性，使用转录组和代谢组分析。Profenofos抑制了叶片的光合效率和光能吸收，严重损害了叶绿体。导致活性氧（ROS）的积累。代谢组学分析证实，profenofos促进β-胡萝卜素转化为脱落酸（ABA），类胡萝卜素生物合成途径基因的上调证明：玉米黄质环氧酶（ZEP），9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素双加氧酶（NCED3），和黄曲霉毒素脱氢酶（XanDH）。对类胡萝卜素积累的抑制作用，光合作用,叶片中ABA和ROS含量的增加导致小白菜的无形伤害和生长迟缓。这项研究的发现揭示了profenofos对非目标作物的毒理学风险，并为杀虫剂的安全使用提供了指导。
