PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hertwig\'s rule states that cells divide along their longest axis, usually driven by forces acting on the mitotic spindle. Here, we show that in contrast to this rule, microtubule-based pulling forces in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos align the spindle with the short axis of the cell. We combine theory with experiments to reveal that in order to correct this misalignment, inward forces generated by the constricting cytokinetic ring rotate the entire cell until the spindle is aligned with the cell\'s long axis. Experiments with slightly compressed mouse zygotes indicate that this cytokinetic ring-driven mechanism of ensuring Hertwig\'s rule is general for cells capable of rotating inside a confining shell, a scenario that applies to early cell divisions of many systems.
摘要：
Hertwig的规则指出，细胞沿着最长轴分裂，通常由作用在有丝分裂纺锤体上的力驱动。这里,我们表明，与此规则相反，秀丽隐杆线虫早期胚胎中基于微管的拉力使纺锤体与细胞短轴对齐。我们将理论与实验相结合，以揭示为了纠正这种错位，由收缩的细胞动力学环产生的向内的力旋转整个细胞，直到纺锤体与细胞的长轴对齐。用轻微压缩的小鼠受精卵进行的实验表明，这种细胞动力学环驱动的机制确保Hertwig的规则对于能够在限制壳内旋转的细胞是通用的，这种情况适用于许多系统的早期细胞分裂。
