Abstract：
Background: College students continue to report problematic alcohol use. To mitigate adverse outcomes, recent studies have employed harm reduction strategies known as Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS). Deviance Regulation Theory (DRT), an impression management intervention, has been used to promote the use of PBS. DRT relies on impression management to modify behavior. This may be especially important for individuals with higher levels of trait narcissism. Method: College student drinkers (n = 132) were randomly assigned to receive a positive message about PBS users, a negative message about non-PBS users, or control. Participants reported on current PBS use norms, daily alcohol use, PBS use, and any alcohol-related problems experienced during the previous week for the next 10 weeks. Results: Data were analyzed using multilevel regression to examine PBS use across time by condition. When PBS norms were low, narcissism was strongly associated with lower rates of PBS use in the control group. If individuals received a positive or negative message, the association between narcissism and PBS use was diminished, among individuals with low PBS norms. There were no significant differences at mean or high levels of norms, indicating the messaging was only important for the highest risk group (i.e., those with low PBS norms). Discussion: The results of this study suggest that message framing may be effective at reducing the robust negative association between narcissism and PBS use for individuals with low PBS norms. Positive messages about individuals that use PBS may be one approach to mitigating problematic alcohol consumption in this at-risk group.
摘要：
背景：大学生继续报告有问题的饮酒。为了减轻不良后果，最近的研究采用了减少伤害的策略，称为保护性行为策略（PBS）。偏差规制理论(DRT)，印象管理干预，已被用于促进PBS的使用。DRT依靠印象管理来修改行为。这对于具有较高水平的特质自恋的个体可能尤其重要。方法：随机分配大学生饮酒者（n=132），以接收有关PBS用户的正面信息，关于非PBS用户的负面信息，或控制。参与者报告了当前的PBS使用规范，每日饮酒,PBS使用，以及前一周在接下来的10周内遇到的任何酒精相关问题。结果：使用多水平回归分析数据，以检查PBS随时间的使用情况。当PBS规范较低时，自恋与对照组PBS使用率较低密切相关.如果个人收到正面或负面信息，自恋和PBS使用之间的联系减少了，在PBS规范较低的个体中。在平均或高水平的规范上没有显着差异，表明消息传递仅对最高风险组重要(即，PBS规范较低的人)。讨论：这项研究的结果表明，对于PBS规范较低的个体，消息框架可能有效地减少自恋与PBS使用之间的强烈负关联。有关使用PBS的个人的积极信息可能是减轻该风险人群中存在问题的酒精消耗的一种方法。
