PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The aims of this study were (i) to determine the effect of an algoclay-based decontaminant on the oral availability of three mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol; DON, ochratoxin A; OTA, and aflatoxin B1; AFB1) using an oral bolus model and (ii) to determine the effect of this decontaminant on the performance, intestinal morphology, liver oxidative stress, and metabolism, in broiler chickens fed a diet naturally contaminated with DON. In experiment 1, sixteen 27-day-old male chickens (approximately 1.6 kg body weight; BW) were fasted for 12 h and then given a bolus containing either the mycotoxins (0.5 mg DON/kg BW, 0.25 mg OTA/kg BW, and 2.0 mg AFB1/kg BW) alone (n = 8) or combined with the decontaminant (2.5 g decontaminant/kg feed; circa 240 mg/kg BW) (n = 8). Blood samples were taken between 0 h (before bolus administration) and 24 h post-administration for DON-3-sulphate, OTA, and AFB1 quantification in plasma. The algoclay decontaminant decreased the relative oral bioavailability of DON (39.9%), OTA (44.3%), and AFB1 (64.1%). In experiment 2, one-day-old male Ross broilers (n = 600) were divided into three treatments with ten replicates. Each replicate was a pen with 20 birds. The broiler chickens were fed a control diet with negligible levels of DON (0.19-0.25 mg/kg) or diets naturally contaminated with moderate levels of DON (2.60-2.91 mg/kg), either supplemented or not with an algoclay-based decontaminant (2 g/kg diet). Jejunum villus damage was observed on day 28, followed by villus shortening on d37 in broiler chickens fed the DON-contaminated diet. This negative effect was not observed when the DON-contaminated diet was supplemented with the algoclay-based decontaminant. On d37, the mRNA expression of glutathione synthetase was significantly increased in the liver of broiler chickens fed the DON-contaminated diet. However, its expression was similar to the control when the birds were fed the DON-contaminated diet supplemented with the algoclay-based decontaminant. In conclusion, the algoclay-based decontaminant reduced the systemic exposure of broiler chickens to DON, OTA, and AFB1 in a single oral bolus model. This can be attributed to the binding of the mycotoxins in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, dietary contamination with DON at levels between 2.69 and 2.91 mg/kg did not impair production performance but had a negative impact on broiler chicken intestinal morphology and the liver redox system. When the algoclay-based decontaminant was added to the diet, the harm caused by DON was no longer observed. This correlates with the results obtained in the toxicokinetic assay and can be attributed to a decreased absorption of DON.
摘要：
这项研究的目的是（i）确定基于algoclay的净化剂对三种霉菌毒素（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇；DON，曲霉毒素A;OTA,和黄曲霉毒素B1；AFB1）使用口服推注模型和（ii）确定这种净化剂对性能的影响，肠道形态学,肝脏氧化应激，和新陈代谢，在饲喂自然被DON污染的饮食的肉鸡中。在实验1中，将16只27天大的雄性鸡（体重约1.6kg；BW）禁食12小时，然后给予含有真菌毒素（0.5mgDON/kgBW，0.25mgOTA/kgBW，和2.0mgAFB1/kgBW）单独（n=8）或与去污剂（2.5g去污剂/kg饲料；大约240mg/kgBW）（n=8）。在给予DON-3-硫酸盐后0小时（推注前）和24小时之间采集血样，OTA,和血浆中的AFB1定量。algoclay净化剂降低了DON的相对口服生物利用度（39.9％），OTA（44.3%），AFB1（64.1%）。在实验2中,将一天大的雄性罗斯肉鸡(n=600)分成三个处理,重复十个。每个复制品是一个有20只鸟的钢笔。肉鸡饲喂DON水平可忽略不计的对照饮食（0.19-0.25mg/kg）或自然污染的中等水平DON（2.60-2.91mg/kg）的饮食，添加或不添加基于algoclay的净化剂（2g/kg饮食）。在第28天观察到空肠绒毛损伤，然后在饲喂DON污染饮食的肉鸡中d37观察到绒毛缩短。当DON污染的饮食补充有基于藻类粘土的去污剂时，没有观察到这种负面影响。在d37时，饲喂DON污染日粮的肉鸡肝脏中谷胱甘肽合成酶的mRNA表达显着增加。然而,当饲喂以DON污染的饮食并补充了基于藻类的净化剂时，其表达与对照相似。总之,基于algoclay的净化剂减少了肉鸡对DON的全身暴露，OTA,和AFB1在单次口服推注模型中。这可以归因于真菌毒素在胃肠道中的结合。此外，日粮中DON含量在2.69~2.91mg/kg之间,不会损害生产性能,但会对肉鸡肠道形态和肝脏氧化还原系统产生负面影响。当在饮食中添加基于algoclay的净化剂时，不再观察到DON造成的危害。这与在毒物代谢动力学测定中获得的结果相关,并且可以归因于DON的吸收降低。
