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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Given the destructive nature of addiction and its relapse after quitting, the present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting substance abuse relapse based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021-2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: 190 people (47.50%) were aged 31-40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16-20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends\' houses (Tables 1 and 2). 342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1-5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The current study\'s findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends\' insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB\'s structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 male addicts covered by addiction treatment centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021-2022. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software through descriptive statistical methods, linear regression, and binary logistic regression.
RESULTS: 190 people (47.50%) were aged 31-40 years, 265 people (66.25%) were married, 224 people (56%) lived with their spouses, and 192 people (48 percent) had their first use at the age of 16-20. The substance respondents used were methamphetamine (59.5%), heroin (53%), opium (48%), and alcohol (40%). 138 people (34.5%) had their first place of consumption at friends\' houses (Tables 1 and 2). 342 people (85.5%) had a history of relapse, and 172 people (50.29%) had 1-5 relapses. Marital status, occupation, and income were among the demographic risk factors, and addicted friends and close relatives were among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse among people with a history of relapse. Personal desire and the insistence of friends were also among the individual and interpersonal factors of drug use among participants. The regression results showed that the constructs of awareness, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention were predictors of drug relapse among addicts (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: The current study\'s findings indicate that among the behavioral risk factors for drug relapse in individuals with a history of relapse are addicted friends and close relatives, while marital status, occupation, and income are among the demographic risk variables. Among the individual and interpersonal factors influencing drug usage among participants were personal desire and friends\' insistence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the TPB\'s structures might be used to predict drug relapse in addicts.
摘要：
背景：鉴于成瘾的破坏性和戒烟后的复发，本研究旨在根据计划行为理论（TPB）调查设拉子成瘾治疗中心覆盖的男性成瘾者的药物滥用复发的影响因素，伊朗。
方法：这项横断面研究是对设拉子成瘾治疗中心覆盖的400名男性成瘾者进行的，伊朗,2021-2022年。数据收集工具是研究人员制作的问卷。采用SPSS-22软件对数据进行描述性统计,线性回归，和二元逻辑回归。
结果：190人（47.50%）年龄在31-40岁，265人（66.25%）结婚，224人（56%）与配偶住在一起，192人（48％）在16-20岁时首次使用。受访者使用的物质是甲基苯丙胺(59.5%),海洛因(53%),鸦片（48%），酒精（40%）。138人(34.5%)的第一消费地点是在朋友家里(表1和表2)。342人（85.5%）有复发史，172人(50.29%)复发1-5例。婚姻状况,职业,收入是人口风险因素之一，在有复发史的人群中，成瘾的朋友和近亲是药物复发的行为危险因素。个人欲望和朋友的坚持也是参与者吸毒的个人和人际关系因素之一。回归结果表明，意识的结构，态度,主观规范，感知行为控制，行为意向是成瘾者药物复发的预测因素(P<0.05)。
结论：当前的研究结果表明，在有复发史的个体中，药物复发的行为危险因素是成瘾的朋友和近亲，虽然婚姻状况，职业,收入是人口风险变量之一。影响参与者使用药物的个人和人际关系因素包括个人欲望和朋友的坚持。此外，研究结果表明，TPB的结构可用于预测成瘾者的药物复发。
方法：这项横断面研究是对设拉子成瘾治疗中心覆盖的400名男性成瘾者进行的，伊朗,2021-2022年。数据收集工具是研究人员制作的问卷。采用SPSS-22软件对数据进行描述性统计,线性回归，和二元逻辑回归。
结果：190人（47.50%）年龄在31-40岁，265人（66.25%）结婚，224人（56%）与配偶住在一起，192人（48％）在16-20岁时首次使用。受访者使用的物质是甲基苯丙胺(59.5%),海洛因(53%),鸦片（48%），酒精（40%）。138人(34.5%)的第一消费地点是在朋友家里(表1和表2)。342人（85.5%）有复发史，172人(50.29%)复发1-5例。婚姻状况,职业,收入是人口风险因素之一，在有复发史的人群中，成瘾的朋友和近亲是药物复发的行为危险因素。个人欲望和朋友的坚持也是参与者吸毒的个人和人际关系因素之一。回归结果表明，意识的结构，态度,主观规范，感知行为控制，行为意向是成瘾者药物复发的预测因素(P<0.05)。
结论：当前的研究结果表明，在有复发史的个体中，药物复发的行为危险因素是成瘾的朋友和近亲，虽然婚姻状况，职业,收入是人口风险变量之一。影响参与者使用药物的个人和人际关系因素包括个人欲望和朋友的坚持。此外，研究结果表明，TPB的结构可用于预测成瘾者的药物复发。
