Abstract：
This study provided crucial insights into the concentrations of airborne fungi, environmental parameters, and atmospheric pollution in Thailand\'s ancient stone temples. Airborne fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics. Airborne fungi, meteorological parameters, and atmospheric pollutants concurrently assessed during each sampling event, evaluating indoor/outdoor ratio. Prevalent genera included Penicillium (14.36%), Aspergillus (10.94%), Cladosporium (10.74%), Rhizopus (6.31%), and Fusarium (5.90%), with an average fungi concentration of 4884.46 ± 724.79 CFU/m3. Eighteen fungal species out of the 64 airborne fungi identified were well-known serious pathogenic agents, contributing not only to structural deterioration but also to human health. Significant variations were observed between indoor and outdoor environments and across diverse landscapes, particularly for PM10 (ranging from 43.47 to 121.31 µg/m3) and PM2.5 (ranging from 29.59 to 89.60 µg/m3), with intensive incense burning identified as a prominent source of indoor atmospheric pollution. Historical temples, particularly situated in urban areas, were identified as significant reservoirs of airborne fungi. Correlations between meteorological parameters and pollutants revealed strong associations. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis elucidated distinct patterns in airborne fungal concentrations and contaminations. This study analyzed environmental factors, pollutants, airborne fungi, and geographical variations from July 2020 to March 2021. Understanding prevalent genera, airborne fungi concentrations, pathogenic species, biodeterioration, and environmental dynamics provided strategies for improving indoor air quality and mitigating airborne fungal contamination in archaeological buildings worldwide.
摘要：
这项研究为空气中真菌的浓度提供了重要的见解，环境参数,以及泰国古代石庙的大气污染。根据形态特征鉴定了空气传播真菌。空气传播的真菌,气象参数,在每个采样事件期间同时评估大气污染物，评估室内/室外比率。流行属包括青霉属(14.36%)，曲霉菌(10.94%)，枝孢菌(10.74%),根霉（6.31%），镰刀菌(5.90%)，真菌平均浓度为4884.46±724.79CFU/m3。在确定的64种空气传播真菌中，有18种真菌是众所周知的严重病原体，不仅导致结构恶化，而且对人类健康也有贡献。观察到室内和室外环境之间以及不同景观之间的显着差异，特别是对于PM10（范围为43.47至121.31µg/m3）和PM2.5（范围为29.59至89.60µg/m3），密集的焚香被认为是室内大气污染的主要来源。历史寺庙,特别是在城市地区，被确定为空气传播真菌的重要水库。气象参数与污染物之间的相关性显示出很强的相关性。此外，主成分分析（PCA）和聚类分析阐明了空气中真菌浓度和污染的不同模式。本研究分析了环境因素，污染物，空气传播的真菌，以及2020年7月至2021年3月的地理差异。了解流行的属，空气传播的真菌浓度，病原物种，生物恶化,和环境动态提供了改善室内空气质量和减轻全球考古建筑中空气传播真菌污染的策略。
