Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Vaccination against pneumococci is currently the most effective method of protection against pneumococcal infections. The aim of the study was to analyse changes in hospitalisations and in-hospital deaths due to pneumonia before (2009-2016) and after (2017-2020) the introduction of PCV 10 vaccinations in the National Immunisation Programme in Poland.
METHODS: Data on hospitalisations related to community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the years 2009-2020 were obtained from the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study. Analyses were made in the age groups: <2, 2-3, 4-5, 6-19, 20-59, 60+ years in 2009-2016 and 2017-2020.
RESULTS: Overall, there were 1,503,105 CAP-related hospitalisations in 2009-2020, 0.7% of which were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Children <2 years of age were the most frequently hospitalised for CAP per 100,000 population, followed by patients aged 2-3, 4-5 and 60+ years. In the years 2009-2016, the percentage of CAP hospital admissions increased significantly, and after the year 2017, it decreased significantly in each of the age groups (p<0.001). In the years 2009-2016, a significant increase in hospitalisations for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections was observed in the age groups <2, 2-3 and 4-5 years (p<0.05). A significant reduction in hospitalisations was observed in the age groups <2, 20-59 and 60+ in 2017-2020 (p<0.05). In the years 2009-2020, there were 84,367 in-hospital deaths due to CAP, 423 (0.5%) of which due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, with patients mainly aged 60+.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the PCV vaccination programme has effectively decreased the incidence of CAP hospitalisations, including children <2 years of age. The group that is most at risk of death are persons aged 60+. The results of our study can be useful in evaluating the vaccine efficacy and benefits, and they can be an essential part of public health policy. Effective prevention strategies for CAP should be implemented in different age groups.
METHODS: Data on hospitalisations related to community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the years 2009-2020 were obtained from the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study. Analyses were made in the age groups: <2, 2-3, 4-5, 6-19, 20-59, 60+ years in 2009-2016 and 2017-2020.
RESULTS: Overall, there were 1,503,105 CAP-related hospitalisations in 2009-2020, 0.7% of which were caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infections. Children <2 years of age were the most frequently hospitalised for CAP per 100,000 population, followed by patients aged 2-3, 4-5 and 60+ years. In the years 2009-2016, the percentage of CAP hospital admissions increased significantly, and after the year 2017, it decreased significantly in each of the age groups (p<0.001). In the years 2009-2016, a significant increase in hospitalisations for Streptococcus pneumoniae infections was observed in the age groups <2, 2-3 and 4-5 years (p<0.05). A significant reduction in hospitalisations was observed in the age groups <2, 20-59 and 60+ in 2017-2020 (p<0.05). In the years 2009-2020, there were 84,367 in-hospital deaths due to CAP, 423 (0.5%) of which due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, with patients mainly aged 60+.
CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of the PCV vaccination programme has effectively decreased the incidence of CAP hospitalisations, including children <2 years of age. The group that is most at risk of death are persons aged 60+. The results of our study can be useful in evaluating the vaccine efficacy and benefits, and they can be an essential part of public health policy. Effective prevention strategies for CAP should be implemented in different age groups.
摘要：
背景：针对肺炎球菌的疫苗接种是目前预防肺炎球菌感染的最有效方法。该研究的目的是分析在波兰国家免疫计划中引入PCV10疫苗之前（2009-2016年）和之后（2017-2020年）因肺炎引起的住院和住院死亡的变化。
方法：2009-2020年与社区获得性肺炎（CAP）相关的住院数据来自全国总医院发病率研究。在2009-2016年和2017-2020年的年龄段进行了分析：<2、2-3、4-5、6-19、20-59、60岁以上。
结果：总体而言，2009-2020年有1,503,105例CAP相关住院治疗，其中0.7％由肺炎链球菌感染引起。每10万人口中，2岁以下的儿童因CAP住院的频率最高。其次是2-3岁，4-5岁和60岁以上的患者。2009-2016年，CAP住院率显著上升，在2017年之后，每个年龄组的发病率均显着下降（p<0.001）。在2009-2016年，在<2、2-3和4-5岁的年龄组中观察到肺炎链球菌感染的住院治疗显着增加（p<0.05）。2017-2020年，<2、20-59和60岁以上年龄组的住院人数显着减少（p<0.05）。在2009-2020年期间，因CAP导致的住院死亡人数为84,367人，423（0.5％），其中由于肺炎链球菌，患者主要为60岁以上。
结论：实施PCV疫苗接种计划有效降低了CAP住院的发生率，包括2岁以下的儿童。死亡风险最大的群体是60岁以上的人。我们的研究结果可用于评估疫苗的功效和益处，它们可以成为公共卫生政策的重要组成部分。CAP的有效预防策略应在不同年龄段实施。
方法：2009-2020年与社区获得性肺炎（CAP）相关的住院数据来自全国总医院发病率研究。在2009-2016年和2017-2020年的年龄段进行了分析：<2、2-3、4-5、6-19、20-59、60岁以上。
结果：总体而言，2009-2020年有1,503,105例CAP相关住院治疗，其中0.7％由肺炎链球菌感染引起。每10万人口中，2岁以下的儿童因CAP住院的频率最高。其次是2-3岁，4-5岁和60岁以上的患者。2009-2016年，CAP住院率显著上升，在2017年之后，每个年龄组的发病率均显着下降（p<0.001）。在2009-2016年，在<2、2-3和4-5岁的年龄组中观察到肺炎链球菌感染的住院治疗显着增加（p<0.05）。2017-2020年，<2、20-59和60岁以上年龄组的住院人数显着减少（p<0.05）。在2009-2020年期间，因CAP导致的住院死亡人数为84,367人，423（0.5％），其中由于肺炎链球菌，患者主要为60岁以上。
结论：实施PCV疫苗接种计划有效降低了CAP住院的发生率，包括2岁以下的儿童。死亡风险最大的群体是60岁以上的人。我们的研究结果可用于评估疫苗的功效和益处，它们可以成为公共卫生政策的重要组成部分。CAP的有效预防策略应在不同年龄段实施。
