Abstract：
In this review, we depict the state of the art concerning the water quality management of bio-mineral bathing pools, and compare these to traditional swimming pools. Bio-mineral pools use a combination of mechanic filtration, bio-filtration, and UV-treatment to disinfect the water. Studies in test tanks have shown that bio-filtration is effective in maintaining the water quality with regard to the treatment of organic pollution. Concerning biological risks, the bio-mineral pool relies on UV-treatment to degrade bacteria. Unlike chemical disinfectant treatments, UV disinfection does not lose its effectiveness in the event of high traffic in the pool. However, as only the water taken up by the filtration system is disinfected, it is essential that all the water in the pool is filtered. If the pool has a dead zone, its water is not disinfected and there is a risk of localized pathogen development. As the development of bio-mineral pools spreads in Europe, legislation gradually follows. The health parameters measured differ slightly from one country to another, but there are constants: the measurement of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In terms of biological swimming pools, regulatory homogeneity across Europe does not exist. From these comparisons, Austrian legislation segmenting water quality into 4 categories ranging from \"excellent\" to \"poor\" represents legislation that combines health and safety with indications of possible malfunctions. Next, a study of three real sites of bio-mineral pools is presented. It appears that whatever the type of pool, bio-mineral filtration makes it possible to achieve performances comparable to those encountered in chlorinated swimming pools concerning the risks associated with fecal contamination and external pollution. On the other hand, when frequentation is high, as is the case in small pools used for aquafitness, monitoring the risks of inter-bather contamination, as illustrated by the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, reveals a recurring problem. Knowing that this parameter is not evaluated in bathing waters in the natural environment and that numerous studies show that Staphyloccocus aureus are always detected, even on beaches, we propose the definition of three thresholds: i.e., 0 CFU/100 mL (threshold value in Wallonia) for water of excellent quality, less than 20 CFU/100 mL (threshold value in France) for water of very good quality, less than 50 CFU/100 mL (contribution of bathers by simple immersion) for good quality water, and more than 50 CFU/100 mL for poor quality water. This document could therefore be converted into a manual for operators on the use and management of bio-mineral baths.
摘要：
在这次审查中,我们描述了关于生物矿物浴池水质管理的最新技术，并将这些与传统游泳池进行比较。生物矿物池使用机械过滤的组合，生物过滤，和紫外线处理对水进行消毒。测试池中的研究表明，生物过滤在处理有机污染方面可有效保持水质。关于生物风险，生物矿物池依靠紫外线处理来降解细菌。与化学消毒剂处理不同，紫外线消毒不会失去其有效性在高流量的情况下在游泳池。然而,因为只有过滤系统吸收的水被消毒，池子里的水必须全部过滤。如果泳池有死区,它的水没有消毒，有局部病原体发展的风险。随着生物矿物池的发展在欧洲蔓延，立法逐渐跟进。测量的健康参数从一个国家到另一个国家略有不同，但有常数:大肠杆菌的测量，肠球菌,还有铜绿假单胞菌.就生物游泳池而言，整个欧洲的监管同质性不存在。从这些比较来看,奥地利立法将水质分为4类，从“优良”到“差”，代表了将健康和安全与可能发生故障的迹象相结合的立法。接下来,提出了对三个生物矿物池真实地点的研究。看来无论游泳池的类型是什么，在与粪便污染和外部污染相关的风险方面，生物矿物过滤可以达到与氯化游泳池相当的性能。另一方面,当频率很高时，就像用于饮水的小水池一样，监测浴间污染的风险，如金黄色葡萄球菌的存在所示，揭示了一个反复出现的问题。知道该参数在自然环境中的沐浴水域中未进行评估，并且许多研究表明，始终可以检测到金黄色葡萄球菌，即使在海滩上，我们提出了三个阈值的定义：即，0CFU/100mL（Wallonia中的阈值）用于优质水，质量非常好的水低于20CFU/100mL（法国的阈值），少于50CFU/100mL（通过简单的浸入浴者的贡献），以获得优质的水，和超过50CFU/100毫升的劣质水。因此，该文件可以转换为操作员使用和管理生物矿物浴的手册。
