Abstract：
Dibothriocephalus latus and Dibothriocephalus dendriticus are found throughout the temperate and sub-arctic zones of the northern hemisphere, but they are also found in the southern core countries of South America, Chile and Argentina. Genetic characteristics of D. latus and D. dendriticus from South America have yet to be fully defined. The present study aimed to understand the genetic characteristics of D. latus and D. dendriticus from Chile by haplotype network analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) and cytochrome b gene (cob), as well as their origins. Dibothriocephalus latus and D. dendriticus plerocercoid larvae were obtained from feral and/or wild salmonids captured in Lake Llanquihue in Región de Los Lagos, and Lake Panguipulli in Región de Los Ríos, located south of central Chile. Haplotype analysis of D. latus revealed that H1 in cox1 and H2 in cob are the key haplotypes common to D. latus across the world, including Chile, and both genes exhibited limited genetic diversity in D. latus. It was assumed that D. latus was brought into South America by European and Russian immigrants in the 19th century as previously reported. In contrast, both the cox1 and cob of D. dendriticus display considerable genetic diversity, with no common haplotypes between D. dendriticus populations from Chile and the northern hemisphere. More intriguingly, two cob haplotypes (H24, H25) detected in Chilean D. dendriticus were closely linked to haplotypes (H30, H31) detected in North American D. dendriticus, strongly implying that D. dendriticus in Chile was brought by piscivorous migrating birds from North America. It has also been estimated that the D. dendriticus from Chile genetically diverged from the D. dendriticus from the northern hemisphere approximately 1.11 million years ago, long before humans migrated to the southern parts of South America.
摘要：
在北半球的温带和亚北极地区发现了双头鱼和树状双头鱼。但它们也存在于南美洲的南部核心国家，智利和阿根廷。来自南美的D.latus和D.dendendicus的遗传特征尚未完全确定。本研究旨在通过线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I基因（cox1）和细胞色素b基因（cob）的单倍型网络分析，了解智利的D.latus和D.dendicus的遗传特征。以及他们的起源。Dibothriocephaluslatus和D.dendendicuspleroceroid幼虫是从在RegióndeLosLagos的Llanquihue湖中捕获的野生和/或野生鲑鱼中获得的，和洛斯里奥斯雷贡的潘古皮里湖，位于智利中部南部。D.latus的单倍型分析显示，cox1中的H1和cob中的H2是世界上D.latus常见的关键单倍型，包括智利,这两个基因在D.latus中表现出有限的遗传多样性。据先前报道，D.latus是在19世纪由欧洲和俄罗斯移民带入南美的。相比之下,树枝状D.的cox1和cob都显示出相当大的遗传多样性，智利和北半球的树枝状芽孢杆菌种群之间没有常见的单倍型。更有趣的是，在智利树枝状D.中检测到的两种cob单倍型（H24，H25）与在北美树枝状D.中检测到的单倍型（H30，H31）密切相关，强烈暗示智利的树枝状D是由北美的食肉迁徙鸟类带来的。据估计，智利的D.dendendicus与北半球的D.dendicus在大约111万年前有遗传差异，早在人类迁移到南美洲南部之前。
