Abstract：
Viral indicators of human-fecal contamination in wastewaters and environmental waters have been getting much attention in the past decade. Cross-assembly phage (crAssphage) is the most abundant DNA virus in human feces. Recently, the usefulness of crAssphage as a microbial source tracking and water quality monitoring tool for human-fecal contamination has been highlighted. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review on crAssphage in water, focusing on detection methodology, concentration range in various waters and wastewaters, specificity to human-fecal contamination, and reduction in wastewater treatment systems. This review highlights that crAssphage is globally distributed in wastewaters and various fecal-contaminated water bodies at high concentrations without seasonal fluctuations. CrAssphage is highly specific to human-fecal contamination and is rarely found in animal feces. It also has a good potential as a performance indicator to ensure virus reduction in wastewater treatment systems. Accordingly, crAssphage could be an effective tool for monitoring of human-fecal contamination and potential presence of fecal pathogenic microbes in environmental waters. Bridging the research gaps highlighted in this review would make crAssphage a powerful tool to support the control of water-related health risks.
摘要：
在过去的十年中，废水和环境水中的人类粪便污染的病毒指标受到了广泛关注。交叉组装噬菌体(crAssphage)是人类粪便中最丰富的DNA病毒。最近,已经强调了crAssphage作为微生物源跟踪和人类粪便污染的水质监测工具的有用性。这里,我们对水中的燃烧进行了全面审查，专注于检测方法，各种水和废水中的浓度范围，对人类粪便污染的特异性，并减少废水处理系统。这篇评论强调，crAssphage在全球范围内以高浓度分布在废水和各种粪便污染的水体中，没有季节性波动。CrAssphage对人类粪便污染具有高度特异性，很少在动物粪便中发现。作为确保废水处理系统中病毒减少的性能指标，它也具有良好的潜力。因此，crAssphage可能是监测人类粪便污染和环境水域中潜在存在的粪便病原微生物的有效工具。弥合本综述中强调的研究差距将使crAssphage成为支持控制与水有关的健康风险的有力工具。
