Abstract：
Neurodegenerative diseases and various other chronic ailments have gradually transformed into public-health issues. Neurodegenerative disorders are a range of progressive neural abnormalities characterized by cellular dysfunctions, neuronal structure, and function loss. Among many chronic disorders, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysregulation, and cellular alterations in the human body are considered the most prevalent diagnostic symptoms. They have a profound impact on patients\' health and wellbeing. The disease\'s poor curability, high healthcare costs, and lethality are the principal reasons for approaching and exploring the conventional treatment\'s phytotherapeutic alternatives. Ginkgo biloba (Maidenhair tree) is a well-known and widely used herbal plant in the Ginkgoaceae family. Its phytochemical constituents, Flavonoids, and terpenes, have been identified as the primary ingredients of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts. It has been widely used due to its therapeutic properties, including its neuroprotective, anti-dementia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasoactive, anti-psychotic, anti-neoplastic, and anti-platelet activity. In recent decades, plenty of Ginkgo-derived substances has been researched and elucidated to have significant therapeutic effects in numerous disease models. This review aims to provide a thorough understanding of the botanical basis for Ginkgo biloba, its usage as herbal medicine, and its pivotal role in functional foods. Additionally, the clinical significance of Ginkgo biloba, as observed in various research works and clinical investigations, is also emphasized, facilitating a better understanding of their molecular basis and application in many chronic diseases.
摘要：
神经退行性疾病和各种其他慢性疾病已逐渐转变为公共卫生问题。神经退行性疾病是一系列以细胞功能障碍为特征的进行性神经异常，神经元结构，功能丧失。在许多慢性疾病中，氧化应激，炎症,线粒体失调,人体内的细胞改变被认为是最普遍的诊断症状。它们对患者的健康和福祉有着深远的影响。这种疾病的治愈性差，医疗费用高,和杀伤力是接近和探索常规治疗的植物治疗替代方案的主要原因。银杏树（Maidenhairtree）是银杏科中众所周知且广泛使用的草药植物。它的植物化学成分，黄酮类化合物,和萜烯,已被确定为银杏叶提取物的主要成分。由于其治疗特性，它已被广泛使用，包括它的神经保护,抗痴呆,抗氧化剂，抗炎,血管活性,抗精神病药,抗肿瘤,和抗血小板活性。近几十年来,大量的银杏衍生物质已经被研究和阐明，在许多疾病模型中具有显著的治疗效果。这篇综述旨在对银杏的植物学基础有一个透彻的了解，它作为草药的用法，及其在功能性食品中的关键作用。此外,银杏叶的临床意义,正如在各种研究工作和临床调查中观察到的那样，还强调，有助于更好地了解它们的分子基础和在许多慢性疾病中的应用。
