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Abstract：
Prosodic aspects of cross-linguistic contact are under-researched, especially past contact that has subsequently ceased. In this paper, we investigate declarative and polar question tunes of contemporary Cretan Greek, a regional variety of Greek whose speakers were in contact with Venetian speakers during the four and half centuries of Venetian rule on the island, from 1204 to 1669. The F0 contours of the Cretan tunes and alignment of peaks and troughs of interest with the nuclear vowel are compared to the corresponding tunes in Venetian dialect and Venetian Italian and to those in Athenian (Standard) Greek, which are used as control. The data (1610 declarative utterances and 698 polar questions) were drawn from natural speech corpora based on pragmatic criteria: broad focus for declaratives, broad focus, and information-seeking interpretation for polar questions. The pitch contour shapes of the tunes are modeled using polynomial basis functions, and the F0 alignment points are determined analytically. The results show the robustness of contact effects almost three and a half centuries after regular contact ceased and indicate that the shapes of the F0 contours of Cretan and Venetian declarative and polar question tunes are similar. In addition, Cretan alignment patterns are similar to Venetian and significantly different from Athenian. Insights are gained from research into how long prosodic characteristics may persist in a recipient language-decades or even centuries after the cessation of contact.
摘要：
跨语言接触的韵律方面研究不足，尤其是过去的联系，后来已经停止。在本文中,我们研究了当代克里特希腊语的陈述性和极性问题曲调，在岛上威尼斯统治的四个半世纪中，讲希腊语的人与讲威尼斯的人接触，从1204到1669。将克里特岛曲调的F0轮廓以及与核元音感兴趣的峰和谷的对齐与威尼斯方言和威尼斯意大利语的相应曲调以及雅典（标准）希腊语的相应曲调进行比较，用作控制。数据（1610个陈述性话语和698个极点问题）来自基于语用标准的自然言语语料库：陈述性的广泛关注，广泛关注,和极点问题的信息寻求解释。使用多项式基函数对曲调的音高轮廓形状进行建模，并通过分析确定F0对齐点。结果表明，在常规接触停止后近三个半世纪的时间里，接触效果具有鲁棒性，并表明克里特和威尼斯人的陈述性和极点问题曲调的F0轮廓形状相似。此外,克里特岛的排列方式与威尼斯相似，与雅典明显不同。从研究中获得的见解是，在停止接触后的几十年甚至几个世纪，韵律特征可能会在接受者语言中持续存在多长时间。
