Abstract：
Magnetic biomonitoring methodologies were applied at Villa Farnesina, Rome, a masterpiece of the Italian Renaissance, with loggias frescoed by renowned artists such as Raffaello Sanzio. Plant leaves were sampled in September and December 2020 and lichen transplants were exposed from October 2020 to early January 2021 at increasing distances from the main trafficked road, Lungotevere Farnesina, introducing an outdoor vs. indoor mixed sampling design aimed at assessing the impact of vehicular particulate matter (PM) on the Villa Loggias. The magnetic properties of leaves and lichens - inferred from magnetic susceptibility values, hysteresis loops and first order reversal curves - showed that the bioaccumulation of magnetite-like particles, associated with trace metals such as Cu, Ba and Sb, decreased exponentially with the distance from the road, and was mainly linked to metallic emission from vehicle brake abrasion. For the frescoed Halls, ca. 30 m from the road, the exposure to traffic-related emissions was very limited or negligible. Tree and shrub leaves of the Lungotevere and of the Villa\'s Gardens intercepted much traffic-derived PM, thus being able to protect the indoor cultural heritage and providing an essential conservation service. It is concluded that the joint use of magnetic and chemical analyses can profitably be used for evaluating the impact of particulate pollution on cultural heritage within complex metropolitan contexts as a preventive conservation measure.
摘要：
在VillaFarnesina应用了磁性生物监测方法，罗马,意大利文艺复兴时期的杰作,与著名艺术家如RaffaelloSanzio创作的loggias壁画。在2020年9月和12月对植物叶片进行了采样，从2020年10月至2021年1月初，地衣移植与主要交通道路的距离越来越远，LungotevereFarnesina,介绍户外vs.室内混合采样设计旨在评估车辆颗粒物（PM）对VillaLoggias的影响。叶子和地衣的磁性-从磁化率值推断，磁滞回线和一阶反转曲线-表明磁铁矿样颗粒的生物累积，与痕量金属如Cu相关，Ba和Sb,随着与道路的距离呈指数下降，主要与车辆制动磨损产生的金属排放有关。对于壁画大厅，CA.距离公路30米，交通相关排放的暴露非常有限或可以忽略不计。Lungotevere和别墅花园的树木和灌木叶拦截了许多交通来源的PM，从而能够保护室内文化遗产并提供基本的保护服务。结论是，磁和化学分析的联合使用可以有益地用于评估复杂大都市环境中颗粒污染对文化遗产的影响，作为一种预防性保护措施。
