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Abstract：
The Italian Peninsula, a natural pier across the Mediterranean Sea, witnessed intricate population events since the very beginning of the human occupation in Europe. In the last few years, an increasing number of modern and ancient genomes from the area have been published by the international research community. This genomic perspective started unveiling the relevance of Italy to understand the post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) re-peopling of Europe, the earlier phase of the Neolithic westward migrations, and its linking role between Eastern and Western Mediterranean areas after the Iron Age. However, many open questions are still waiting for more data to be addressed in full. With this review, we summarize the current knowledge emerging from the available ancient Italian individuals and, by re-analysing them all at once, we try to shed light on the avenues future research in the area should cover. In particular, open questions concern (1) the fate of pre-Villabruna Europeans and to what extent their genomic components were absorbed by the post-LGM hunter-gatherers; (2) the role of Sicily and Sardinia before LGM; (3) to what degree the documented genetic structure within the Early Neolithic settlers can be described as two separate migrations; (4) what are the population events behind the marked presence of an Iranian Neolithic-like component in Bronze Age and Iron Age Italian and Southern European samples.
摘要：
意大利半岛,横跨地中海的天然码头，自从欧洲人类占领开始以来，见证了错综复杂的人口事件。在过去的几年里，国际研究界已经发表了越来越多的来自该地区的现代和古代基因组。这种基因组观点开始揭示意大利的相关性，以了解欧洲的最后一次冰川最大（LGM）重新居住，新石器时代向西迁移的早期阶段，及其在铁器时代之后在东地中海地区和西地中海地区之间的联系作用。然而,许多悬而未决的问题仍在等待更多的数据得到充分解决。通过这次审查,我们总结了从可用的古代意大利人中出现的当前知识，通过一次重新分析它们，我们试图阐明该领域未来研究应涵盖的途径。特别是,悬而未决的问题涉及（1）Villabruna前欧洲人的命运以及LGM后的狩猎采集者在多大程度上吸收了它们的基因组成分；（2）西西里岛和撒丁岛在LGM之前的作用；（3）在何种程度上，新石器时代早期定居者中记录的遗传结构可以被描述为两个独立的迁徙；（4）在新石器时代和类似的伊朗时代的欧洲样本中明显
