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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The susceptibility of Anopheles albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis to local Plasmodium vivax has been associated in southern Mexico with two ookinete surface proteins (Pvs25/28) polymorphism. Perhaps parasite population selection (i.e. adaptation to local vectors) contributes to this phenomenon. It is also possible that certain molecular interactions exist between P. vivax and each mosquito species independently of geographical origin. This study aimed to explore the susceptibility of An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis (collected from different geographical sites) to P. vivax cspVk/Pvs25-130 haplotypes from southern Mexico.
RESULTS: Of the 120 P. vivax-infected blood samples used to simultaneously feed An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes originating from various geographical sites, 80 produced at least one infected mosquito species. Three parasite haplotypes were identified in infected blood: Vk210/Pvs25-A (12.5%), Vk210/Pvs25-B (20%) and Vk247/Pvs25-B (67.5%). Two parameters (the proportion of infected mosquitoes and number of oocysts/mosquito) showed a similar pattern for each mosquito species (independently of geographical origin). For An. albimanus mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, Mexican gulf and Lacandon Forest lowlands), these two parameters were higher in specimens infected with P. vivax Vk210/Pvs25-A versus Vk210/Pvs25-B or Vk247/Pvs25-B (P < 0.001). For An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, northeast Mexico and east Guatemala foothills), the same two parameters were higher in specimens infected with Vk247/Pvs25-B or Vk210/Pvs25-B versus Vk210/Pvs25-A (P < 0.001). Higher infection rates were caused by Vk247/Pvs25-B than Vk210/Pvs25-B parasites in An. pseudopunctipennis (P = 0.011) and An. albimanus (P = 0.001). The greatest parasitaemia, gametocytaemia and microgamete formation was observed in Vk247/Pvs25-B infected blood, and each of these parameters correlated with each other and with the number of oocysts in An. pseudopunctipennis from the sympatric colony.
CONCLUSIONS: Plasmodium vivax Vk247/Pvs25-B infections were the most prevalent, likely due to the higher parasitaemia produced in the susceptible vector (especially An. pseudopunctipennis). The analysis of mosquito-parasite interactions indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis and An. albimanus each have a unique pattern of transmitting genetic variants of P. vivax, and this is not dependent on geographical origin. The present findings highlight the importance of parasite genotyping to understand transmission dynamics and vectorial participation.
RESULTS: Of the 120 P. vivax-infected blood samples used to simultaneously feed An. albimanus and An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes originating from various geographical sites, 80 produced at least one infected mosquito species. Three parasite haplotypes were identified in infected blood: Vk210/Pvs25-A (12.5%), Vk210/Pvs25-B (20%) and Vk247/Pvs25-B (67.5%). Two parameters (the proportion of infected mosquitoes and number of oocysts/mosquito) showed a similar pattern for each mosquito species (independently of geographical origin). For An. albimanus mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, Mexican gulf and Lacandon Forest lowlands), these two parameters were higher in specimens infected with P. vivax Vk210/Pvs25-A versus Vk210/Pvs25-B or Vk247/Pvs25-B (P < 0.001). For An. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes (from the Pacific coast, northeast Mexico and east Guatemala foothills), the same two parameters were higher in specimens infected with Vk247/Pvs25-B or Vk210/Pvs25-B versus Vk210/Pvs25-A (P < 0.001). Higher infection rates were caused by Vk247/Pvs25-B than Vk210/Pvs25-B parasites in An. pseudopunctipennis (P = 0.011) and An. albimanus (P = 0.001). The greatest parasitaemia, gametocytaemia and microgamete formation was observed in Vk247/Pvs25-B infected blood, and each of these parameters correlated with each other and with the number of oocysts in An. pseudopunctipennis from the sympatric colony.
CONCLUSIONS: Plasmodium vivax Vk247/Pvs25-B infections were the most prevalent, likely due to the higher parasitaemia produced in the susceptible vector (especially An. pseudopunctipennis). The analysis of mosquito-parasite interactions indicate that An. pseudopunctipennis and An. albimanus each have a unique pattern of transmitting genetic variants of P. vivax, and this is not dependent on geographical origin. The present findings highlight the importance of parasite genotyping to understand transmission dynamics and vectorial participation.
摘要：
背景：Albimanus按蚊和An的易感性。在墨西哥南部，与当地间日疟原虫的假短暂性疟原虫相关的是两个Ookinete表面蛋白（Pvs25/28）多态性。也许寄生虫种群选择（即适应局部媒介）有助于这种现象。还可能的是,间日疟原虫和每种蚊子物种之间存在某些分子相互作用,而与地理起源无关。本研究旨在探讨An的易感性。albimanus和An.pseudopunctipennis（从不同的地理位置收集）到来自墨西哥南部的间日疟原虫cspVk/Pvs25-130单倍型。
结果：在用于同时饲喂An的120例间日疟原虫感染的血液样品中。albimanus和An.来自不同地理位置的假孔雀蚊子，80只产生了至少一种受感染的蚊子。在感染的血液中鉴定出三种寄生虫单倍型：Vk210/Pvs25-A（12.5％），Vk210/Pvs25-B（20%）和Vk247/Pvs25-B（67.5%）。两个参数（受感染蚊子的比例和卵囊/蚊子的数量）显示出每种蚊子的相似模式（与地理来源无关）。为了An.albimanus蚊子(来自太平洋海岸，墨西哥海湾和拉坎顿森林低地），这两个参数在感染间日疟原虫Vk210/Pvs25-A的标本中高于Vk210/Pvs25-B或Vk247/Pvs25-B（P<0.001）。为了An.假蚊子(来自太平洋海岸，墨西哥东北部和危地马拉东部山麓)，感染Vk247/Pvs25-B或Vk210/Pvs25-B的标本中相同的两个参数高于Vk210/Pvs25-A（P<0.001）。在An中，Vk247/Pvs25-B寄生虫引起的感染率高于Vk210/Pvs25-B寄生虫。pseudopunctipennis(P=0.011)andAn.albimanus（P=0.001）。最大的寄生虫血症,在Vk247/Pvs25-B感染的血液中观察到配子细胞血症和微配子形成，这些参数中的每一个都彼此相关，并与An中卵囊的数量相关。来自同胞殖民地的伪opunctipennis。
结论：间日疟原虫Vk247/Pvs25-B感染最普遍，可能是由于易感载体中产生的寄生虫血症较高（尤其是An。pseudopunctipennis).对蚊子与寄生虫相互作用的分析表明，An。pseudopunctipennisandAn.albimanus每个都有独特的传播间日疟原虫遗传变异的模式，这不取决于地理起源。本发现强调了寄生虫基因分型对理解传播动力学和矢量参与的重要性。
结果：在用于同时饲喂An的120例间日疟原虫感染的血液样品中。albimanus和An.来自不同地理位置的假孔雀蚊子，80只产生了至少一种受感染的蚊子。在感染的血液中鉴定出三种寄生虫单倍型：Vk210/Pvs25-A（12.5％），Vk210/Pvs25-B（20%）和Vk247/Pvs25-B（67.5%）。两个参数（受感染蚊子的比例和卵囊/蚊子的数量）显示出每种蚊子的相似模式（与地理来源无关）。为了An.albimanus蚊子(来自太平洋海岸，墨西哥海湾和拉坎顿森林低地），这两个参数在感染间日疟原虫Vk210/Pvs25-A的标本中高于Vk210/Pvs25-B或Vk247/Pvs25-B（P<0.001）。为了An.假蚊子(来自太平洋海岸，墨西哥东北部和危地马拉东部山麓)，感染Vk247/Pvs25-B或Vk210/Pvs25-B的标本中相同的两个参数高于Vk210/Pvs25-A（P<0.001）。在An中，Vk247/Pvs25-B寄生虫引起的感染率高于Vk210/Pvs25-B寄生虫。pseudopunctipennis(P=0.011)andAn.albimanus（P=0.001）。最大的寄生虫血症,在Vk247/Pvs25-B感染的血液中观察到配子细胞血症和微配子形成，这些参数中的每一个都彼此相关，并与An中卵囊的数量相关。来自同胞殖民地的伪opunctipennis。
结论：间日疟原虫Vk247/Pvs25-B感染最普遍，可能是由于易感载体中产生的寄生虫血症较高（尤其是An。pseudopunctipennis).对蚊子与寄生虫相互作用的分析表明，An。pseudopunctipennisandAn.albimanus每个都有独特的传播间日疟原虫遗传变异的模式，这不取决于地理起源。本发现强调了寄生虫基因分型对理解传播动力学和矢量参与的重要性。
