尽管印度尼西亚东部其他地区的疟疾大大减少和消除,但该国东部的疟疾仍然很高。在巴布亚省八个疟疾高流行区进行了快速昆虫学评估,印度尼西亚,加快该地区消除疟疾的努力。本研究旨在表征具体的,了解疟疾传播发生的地点和时间的可行终点,在干预措施可能发挥最佳作用的地方,并确定导致持续传播的保护差距。昆虫学评估包括通过人类着陆捕获物(HLC)识别潜在载体,室内早晚休息收藏,通过对水体的监视来识别幼虫的位置,和媒介入罪,以了解接触疟疾传播。人类登陆渔获物(HLC)和幼虫集合确定了10种按蚊物种,也就是科利按蚊,带点按蚊,Farauti按蚊,按蚊,长按蚊,peditaeniatus按蚊,按蚊,迷走神经按蚊,亚平按蚊和科奇按蚊。总体上发现的最常见和最丰富的物种是An。koliensis和An.点,而An。在Mimika和Sarmi地区的沿海地区大量发现了farauti。从HLC收集的按蚊的媒介入罪和夜间室内休息证明了这一点。koliensis和An.马刺在Keerom携带疟原虫,Jayapura,和SarmiReacements.对最常见物种的HLCs的分析显示,An。koliensis和An.点,在室内和室外以相等的速度咬伤,而An。farauti主要在户外咬人。幼虫监测表明,居民区及其周围的大多数水体都含有按蚊幼虫。这项研究证明了室内和室外暴露于蚊虫叮咬和保护方面的差距,在所有紧急情况下都能接触到传染性叮咬。这解释了为什么当前侧重于室内保护的疟疾控制努力未能大幅降低该地区的疟疾发病率。经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐(ITN)的优化,以及在房屋中安装蚊帐,可以进一步减少室内传播。对于室外传输,通过当地驻扎的昆虫学家的指导,使用以社区为中心的方法来减少或消除村庄内部和周围的幼虫来源,随着社会和行为变化的调节健康教育,以当地在户外活动中采用防蚊工具,可以减少疟疾的传播。
Malaria in eastern Indonesia remains high despite significant reduction and elimination in other parts of the country. A rapid entomological assessment was conducted in eight high malaria endemic regencies of Papua Province, Indonesia, to expedite malaria elimination efforts in this region. This study aims to characterize specific, actionable endpoints toward understanding where and when malaria transmission is happening, where interventions may function best, and identify gaps in protection that result in continued transmission. The entomological assessment included identifying potential vectors through human landing catch (HLC), indoor morning and night resting collections, identification of larval sites through surveillance of water bodies, and vector incrimination toward understanding exposure to malaria transmission. Human landing catches (HLCs) and larval collections identified 10
Anopheles species, namely
Anopheles koliensis,
Anopheles punctulatus,
Anopheles farauti,
Anopheles hinesorum,
Anopheles longirostris,
Anopheles peditaeniatus,
Anopheles tesselatus,
Anopheles vagus,
Anopheles subpictus and
Anopheles kochi. The most common and abundant species found overall were An. koliensis and An. punctulatus, while An. farauti was found in large numbers in the coastal areas of Mimika and Sarmi Regencies. Vector incrimination on
Anopheles collected from HLCs and night indoor resting demonstrated that An. koliensis and An. punctulatus carried Plasmodium in Keerom, Jayapura, and Sarmi Regencies. Analysis of HLCs for the most common species revealed that the An. koliensis and An. punctulatus, bite indoors and outdoors at equal rates, while An. farauti predominantly bite outdoors. Larval surveillance demonstrated that most water bodies in and surrounding residential areas contained
Anopheles larvae. This study demonstrated indoor and outdoor exposure to mosquito bites and gaps in protection, enabling exposure to infectious bites in all regencies. This explains why current malaria control efforts focusing on indoor protection have failed to substantially reduce malaria incidence in the region. Optimization of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), as well as installment of mosquito screens in houses, may further reduce indoor transmission. For outdoor transmission, the use of community-centric approaches to reduce or eliminate larval sources within and surrounding the village through the guidance of locally stationed entomologists, along with Social and Behavior Change mediated health education towards the local adoption of mosquito protection tools during outdoor activities, may reduce malaria transmission.