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Abstract：
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by irreversible decline of mental faculties, emotional and behavioral changes, loss of motor skills, and dysfunction of autonomic nervous system and disruption of circadian rhythms (CRs). We attempted to describe the morphological findings of the hypothalamus in early cases of AD, focusing our study mostly on the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the supraoptic nucleus (SON), and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Samples were processed for electron microscopy and silver impregnation techniques. The hypothalamic nuclei demonstrated a substantial decrease in the neuronal population, which was particularly prominent in the SCN. Marked abbreviation of dendritic arborization, in association with spinal pathology, was also seen. The SON and PVN demonstrated a substantial number of dystrophic axons and abnormal spines. Alzheimer\'s pathology, such as deposits of amyloid-β peptide and neurofibrillary degeneration, was minimal. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial alterations in the cell body and the dendritic branches. The morphological alterations of the hypothalamic nuclei in early cases of AD may be related to the gradual alteration of CRs and the instability of autonomic regulation.
摘要：
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,以智力不可逆转的衰退为特征，情绪和行为的变化，失去运动技能，自主神经系统功能障碍和昼夜节律（CRs）的破坏。我们试图描述早期AD病例中下丘脑的形态学发现，我们的研究主要集中在视交叉上核（SCN）上，视上核（SON），和室旁核（PVN）。对样品进行电子显微镜和银浸渍技术处理。下丘脑核显示神经元数量大幅减少，这在SCN中尤为突出。树枝状树枝化的标记缩写，与脊柱病理学有关，也看到了。SON和PVN表现出大量的营养不良轴突和异常棘。阿尔茨海默氏症的病理学，如淀粉样β肽和神经原纤维变性的沉积，是最小的。电子显微镜显示细胞体和树突分支中的线粒体改变。AD早期下丘脑核的形态改变可能与CRs的逐渐改变和自主神经调节的不稳定性有关。
