食欲素系统与食物行为有关,能量平衡,觉醒和奖励制度。它由神经肽食欲素A和B组成,和它们的受体,食欲素1受体(OX1R)和食欲素2受体(OX2R)。OX1R对食欲素A具有选择性亲和力,并涉及多个函数,比如奖励,情感,和自主调节。这项研究提供了有关人类下丘脑中OX1R分布的信息。人类下丘脑,尽管尺寸很小,在细胞群体和细胞形态方面表现出显著的复杂性。许多研究集中在下丘脑中的各种神经递质和神经肽,在动物和人类中,然而,关于神经元形态特征的实验数据有限。人下丘脑的免疫组织化学分析显示,OX1R主要存在于下丘脑外侧区,外侧视前核,视上核,背内侧核,腹内侧核,和室旁核.下丘脑核的其余部分不表达受体,除了乳头体中的神经元数量很少。在确定了对OX1R免疫阳性的细胞核和神经元群后,使用高尔基方法对这些神经元进行了形态学和形态学分析。分析发现,下丘脑外侧区的神经元在形态特征上是一致的,通常形成三到四个神经元的小群。在该区域中有高比例的神经元(超过80%)表达OX1R,在外侧结节核中特别高表达(超过95%的神经元)。对这些结果进行了分析,并显示代表,在细胞水平上,OX1R的分布,我们讨论了食欲素A在下丘脑内区的调节作用,例如它在神经元可塑性中的特殊作用,以及人类下丘脑的神经元网络。
The orexin system is related to food behavior, energy balance, wakefulness and the reward system. It consists of the neuropeptides orexin A and B, and their receptors, orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin 2 receptor (OX2R). OX1R has selective affinity for orexin A, and is implicated in multiple functions, such as reward, emotions, and autonomic regulation. This study provides information about the OX1R distribution in human hypothalamus. The human hypothalamus, despite its small size, demonstrates a remarkable complexity in terms of cell populations and cellular morphology. Numerous studies have focused on various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the hypothalamus, both in animals and humans, however, there is limited experimental data on the morphological characteristics of neurons. The immunohistochemical analysis of the human hypothalamus revealed that OX1R is mainly found in the lateral hypothalamic area, the lateral preoptic nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus, and the paraventricular nucleus. The rest of the hypothalamic nuclei do not express the receptor, except for a very low number of neurons in the mammillary bodies. After identifying the nuclei and neuronal groups that were immunopositive for OX1R, a morphological and morphometric analysis of those neurons was conducted using the Golgi method. The analysis revealed that the neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area were uniform in terms of their morphological characteristics, often forming small groups of three to four neurons. A high proportion of neurons in this area (over 80%) expressed the OX1R, with particularly high expression in the lateral tuberal nucleus (over 95% of neurons). These results were analyzed, and shown to represent, at the cellular level, the distribution of OX1R, and we discuss the regulatory role of orexin A in the intra-hypothalamic areas, such as its special role in the plasticity of neurons, as well as in neuronal networks of the human hypothalamus.