背景脑癌,特别是胶质母细胞瘤(GBM),是一个全球性的健康问题。尽管治疗取得了进展,GBM患者预后不良。GBM的进展和病因可能与VEGFA基因多态性有关,TP53和CTH基因,在其他人中。然而,GBM中的遗传变异及其相互作用尚未完全了解。这项研究检查了VEGFA中突变的影响,TP53和GBM上的CTH基因。方法获得组织和血液样品用于血液学,生物化学,并对18例诊断为GBM的患者以及28例健康个体进行遗传分析。采用标准方法进行血液学和生化分析,而突变景观和表达谱是从可公开访问的数据库获得的。组织样品进行基因组DNA提取处理,通过常规聚合酶链反应(PCR)和Sanger测序进行基因型测定。结果本研究纳入18例治疗前Ⅳ级GBM患者和28例健康个体。患者包括11名男性(61%)和7名女性(39%),而健康个体包括14名(50%)男性和14名(50%)女性。67%的患者年龄在50岁以下,17%在51至60岁之间,17%在61岁以上,相比之下,健康个体年龄在50岁以下的比例为61%,51至60岁的比例为7%,60岁以上的比例为32%。GBM患者的中性粒细胞和单核细胞计数较高(中位数为81%(63.9,83.5)和4.2%(3.8-7.3)),分别,与对照组相比,淋巴细胞计数较低(中位数为13.4%(8.8,28.40))。天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的中位数,丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),碱性磷酸酶(ALP)在对照组和GBM组之间没有显着差异。GBM患者的CRP中位数水平为2.55(1.6,98),明显高于对照组。对数据库的分析显示,TP53突变的患病率很高,剪接区变异,错觉变体,内含子变体是最常见的。VEGFA和CTH也显示出突变,主要是错义和内含子变体。基因表达分析显示,与对照组相比,GBM患者中TP53和VEGFA的水平明显更高。在GBM患者中CTH表达也表现出轻微的增加。Sanger测序在TP53基因中发现了三个突变,包括一个新的突变(11915C>A),以前没有在外部数据库中报道。此外,在VEGFA中发现了新的突变(841G>GA,919T>TG)和CTH(28398A>AC,28399A>AT)基因。结论本研究强调了免疫失调,炎症,和GBM的遗传变异。研究结果强调了TP53、VEGFA、和CTH基因作为GBM治疗和诊断生物标志物的靶标。需要进一步的研究来理解这些遗传变异的功能含义及其在个性化GBM治疗中的应用。
Background Brain cancer, particularly
glioblastoma (GBM), is a global health problem. Despite therapy advances, GBM patients have a poor prognosis. The progression and etiology of GBM may be linked to gene polymorphisms in the VEGFA, TP53, and CTH genes, among others. However, the genetic variations and their interaction in GBM are not fully understood. This study examines the effects of mutations in the VEGFA, TP53, and CTH genes on GBM. Methodology Tissue and blood samples were obtained for hematological, biochemical, and genetic analysis from 18 patients diagnosed with GBM as well as 28 healthy individuals. Standard methods were adopted to perform hematological and biochemical analyses, whereas mutational landscape and expression profiles were obtained from publicly accessible databases. Tissue samples were processed for genomic DNA extraction, and genotype determination was carried out through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing. Results The study involved 18 patients with grade IV GBM before treatment and 28 healthy individuals. The patients consisted of 11 men (61%) and seven females (39%), while healthy individuals included 14 (50%) males and 14 (50%) females. Sixty-seven percent of patients were under 50, 17% between 51 and 60, and 17% over 61, compared to healthy individuals who were 61% under 50, 7% between 51 and 60, and 32% over 60. GBM patients showed higher neutrophil and monocyte counts (median 81% (63.9, 83.5) and 4.2% (3.8-7.3)), respectively, and lower lymphocyte counts (median 13.4% (8.8, 28.40)) compared to controls. The median values of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed no significant differences between the control and GBM groups. GBM patients had significantly higher median CRP levels of 2.55 (1.6, 98) than controls. Analysis of databases revealed a high prevalence of mutations in TP53, with splice region variants, missense variants, and intron variants being the most common. VEGFA and CTH also displayed mutations, primarily missense and intron variants. Gene expression analysis showed significantly higher levels of TP53 and VEGFA in GBM patients compared to controls. CTH expression also exhibited a slight increase in GBM patients. Sanger sequencing identified three mutations in the TP53 gene, including a novel mutation (11915C>A) not previously reported in external databases. Additionally, novel mutations were found in the VEGFA (841G>GA, 919T>TG) and CTH (28398A>AC, 28399A>AT) genes. Conclusions This study highlights the immune dysregulation, inflammation, and genetic variations in GBM. The findings emphasize the potential importance of the TP53, VEGFA, and CTH genes as targets for therapies and diagnostic biomarkers of GBM. Further study is necessary to comprehend these genetic variations\' functional implications and their use in personalized GBM treatment.