In 2014, an Irish parliament white paper called for greater addressing of sport-related concussions (SRCs) in Ireland, requesting the adoption of the Concussion in Sport Group\'s (CISGs) guidelines and greater consistency in SRC return to play (RTP) management. Ten years later, it is unclear how these requests have been addressed. Recently, the United Kingdom\'s government centralised guidelines to one SRC document for all grassroots sports. This study aimed to investigate all publicly available SRC guidance in Irish sports and national governing bodies (NGBs) to determine if centralised guidelines are warranted. Sport Ireland and the Irish Federation of Sports were searched for all recognised NGBs and sports in Ireland. Websites were searched for any information pertaining to SRCs and data were extracted and collated in Microsoft Excel. In total, 15 of 83 sports and/or NGBs included SRC guidance, nine of which provided RTP protocols. Various iterations of the CISGs guidance and tools were implemented. Several sports with a documented SRC risk had no guidelines present. The findings indicate disjointed and outdated guidance across Irish sport. Additionally, there are sports with a documented concussion risk that have no SRC guidance available. This study provides support for centralised guidelines to be adopted in Irish grassroots sports.

This comprehensive review delves into the evolving field of neurointervention for intracranial aneurysms, exploring the critical adjunct of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) to endovascular coiling, stent-assisted coiling (SAC), flow-diversion stents, and flow-disruption (intrasaccular) devices. Despite growing evidence supporting the success of DAPT in reducing thromboembolic events, the lack of consensus on optimal regimens, doses, and duration is evident. Factors contributing to this variability include genetic polymorphisms affecting treatment response and ongoing debates regarding the clinical significance of hemorrhagic complications associated with DAPT. This review analyzes pre- and post-procedural antiplatelet usage across various interventions. The imperative lies in ongoing research to define optimal DAPT durations, ensuring a nuanced approach to the delicate balance between thrombosis and hemorrhage in intracranial aneurysm management.

OBJECTIVE: Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) have been established to guide management related to TBI in adults. Here, BIG criteria were applied to pediatric TBI patients to evaluate reliability, safety, and resource utilization.
METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on all pediatric TBI patients aged 18 years or younger from January 2012 to July 2023 at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. The severity of TBI (BIG 1/2/3) was rated by review of initial cranial imaging by two independent observers. Inter-observer reliability was assessed. Predictions based on BIG criteria regarding repeat cranial imaging, ICU admission, and neurosurgical consultation were compared with observations from the cohort. Outcome data was collected, including neurosurgical intervention and mortality rate.
RESULTS: Three hundred fifty-nine patients were included with mean age of 5.3 years. Injury severity included 44 BIG 1 (12.2%), 170 BIG 2 (47.4%), and 145 BIG 3 injuries (40.4%). Inter-rater reliability was 96.4%. Neurosurgical consultation was obtained in all patients, though only predicted by guidelines in 40.4%. Repeat imaging was obtained in 166 BIG 1/2 patients, with an average of 1.3 CT scans and 0.8 MRIs/rapid MRIs per patient. ICU was utilized in 104 (77.6%) patients not recommended per BIG criteria. Ultimately, 37 patients, all BIG 3, required neurosurgical intervention; no neurosurgical interventions were required in those classified as BIG 1/2.
CONCLUSIONS: BIG criteria can be applied to pediatric TBI with high inter-observer reliability and without formal neurosurgical training. Retrospective application of BIG predicted fewer imaging studies, ICU admissions, and neurosurgical consults without overlooking patients requiring neurosurgical intervention.

Our understanding of human brain function can be greatly aided by studying analogous brain structures in other organisms. One brain structure with neurochemical and anatomical homology throughout vertebrate species is the locus coeruleus (LC), a small collection of norepinephrine (NE) containing neurons in the brainstem that project throughout the central nervous system. The LC is involved in nearly every aspect of brain function, including arousal and learning, which has been extensively examined in rats and non-human primates using single unit recordings. Recent work has expanded into putative LC single unit electrophysiological recordings in a non-model species, the zebra finch. Given the importance of correctly identifying analogous structures as research efforts expand to other vertebrates, we suggest adoption of consensus anatomical and electrophysiological guidelines for identifying LC neurons across species when evaluating brainstem single unit spiking or calcium imaging. Such consensus criteria will allow for confident cross-species understanding of the roles of the LC in brain function and behavior.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by intracranial aneurysm (aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage,aSAH) poses a significant threat to the health of the Chinese people. The prognosis of aSAH patients is poor, with a mortality of up to 50%, which is a public health problem in China. The clinical evaluation, surgical ctrategies, and perioperative management are important parts of clinical management for aSAH patients. This clinical management guideline consists of 112 recommendations on epidemiology, clinical imaging diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, treatment strategies and selection, anesthesia management, perioperative care, and management of special populations with aSAH, aiming to provide clinical guidance for clinical doctors and related professionals.
动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）严重危害我国人民健康。aSAH患者的预后差，其病死率可高达50%，是我国一个严峻的公共卫生问题。关于aSAH的临床评估、外科处理策略和围手术期管理是临床管理的重要组成部分。本临床管理指南围绕aSAH的流行病学、临床影像诊断、预后评价、治疗策略及选择、麻醉管理、围手术期护理和特殊人群aSAH管理建议等方面，共形成112条推荐意见，旨在为临床医师、其他相关专业人员提供实用的临床指导建议。.

Unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) has an estimated prevalence of about 7% among adults aged 35-75 in China. With the aging population trend, the detection rate of UIA is increasing. Most UIA are incidentally discovered and typically asymptomatic. There has been ongoing debate regarding the choice between aggressive treatment and conservative management. Although UIA has a low annual risk of rupture, once rupture occurs, the mortality and disability rates are high. Based on evidence-based medicine, this clinical management guideline provides 44 recommendations on population screening, clinical imaging diagnosis, risk assessment of growth and rupture, treatment strategies and selection, postoperative follow-up, and management of special populations with UIA. Aiming to provide clinical guidance for clinical doenrs and relevant professionals.
未破裂颅内动脉瘤（UIA）在我国35~75岁成人中的患病率约7%。随着人口老龄化趋势，UIA检出率增加。大多数UIA是偶然发现的，通常无症状，选择手术治疗还是保守治疗一直存在争议。尽管UIA的年破裂风险低，但一旦发生破裂，其致死率和致残率高。本临床管理指南基于循证证据，围绕UIA的人群筛查、临床影像诊断、生长破裂风险评估、治疗策略及选择、术后随访和特殊人群UIA管理建议等方面，共形成44条推荐意见，旨在为临床医师、其他相关专业人员提供实用的临床指导建议。.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a life-threatening neurological emergency with high mortality, and even patients receiving optimal medical care may develop long-term disability, which seriously affects their quality of life and increases the heavy medical burden on society and families. To provide comprehensive clinical management advice, the Society of Neurosurgery of the Chinese Medical Association, the Society of the Chinese Stroke Association of the National Medical Center for Neurological Diseases, and the National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases jointly formulate \"Chinese Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Patients With Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms in 2024\". The evidence sources are divided into the Chinese population and other populations, using a modular format to provide recommendations, summaries of relevant opinions, and future research directions on epidemiology, clinical imaging diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, treatment strategies and choices, anesthesia management, perioperative care, and recommendations for the management of aSAH in special populations. It provides practical clinical guidance and recommendations for doctors and related professionals.
动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血（aSAH）是一种高致死率的神经外科急症，即使患者接受了最佳的医疗护理，仍有可能出现长期残疾，严重影响患者生活质量，给社会和家庭增加了沉重的医疗负担。为提供全面的临床管理意见，中华医学会神经外科学分会、中国卒中学会脑血管外科分会、国家神经系统疾病医学中心与国家神经系统疾病临床研究中心联合制订《中国破裂颅内动脉瘤临床管理指南（2024版）》，将证据来源分为中国人群和其他人群，并采用模块化形式，对aSAH的流行病学、临床影像诊断、预后评价、治疗策略及选择、麻醉管理、围手术期护理和特殊人群aSAH管理建议等问题提供推荐意见、相关意见概述及未来研究方向，为医师及相关专业人员提供了实用的临床指导建议。.

With the popularization of cerebrovascular imaging technology, the clinical detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is increasing. UIA has a low risk of rupture, but once ruptured, it can seriously affect human health. The treatment of UIA is highly controversial and has attracted widespread clinical attention. The Society of Neurosurgery of the Chinese Medical Association, the Society of Cerebrovascular Surgery of the Chinese Stroke Association, the National Center for Neurological Diseases, and the National Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases jointly formulate \"Chinese guideline for the clinical management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm management (2024)\", which adopts a modular format, highlighting management recommendations and indicating current research deficiencies and future research directions. It provides comprehensive clinical management recommendations on UIA epidemiology, population screening, clinical imaging and diagnosis, rupture risk assessment, treatment decisions and choices, postoperative follow-up, and long-term management. The evidence sources are divided into the Chinese population and other populations, which helps guide clinical practice in China.
随着脑血管影像技术的普及，未破裂颅内动脉瘤（UIA）临床检出率越来越高。UIA破裂风险低，但是一旦破裂，严重影响人类健康。UIA治疗存在较大争议，引起临床广泛关注。中华医学会神经外科学分会、中国卒中学会脑血管外科分会、国家神经系统疾病医学中心与国家神经系统疾病临床研究中心联合制订《中国未破裂颅内动脉瘤临床管理指南（2024版）》，该指南采用模块化形式，突出推荐意见，并指出当前研究不足及未来研究方向，从UIA流行病学、人群筛查、临床影像诊断、破裂风险评估、治疗决策及选择，术后随访及长期管理等方面提供了全面的临床管理意见。将证据来源分为中国人群和其他人群，有助于指导国内临床实践。.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that children be breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months of age. This recommendation may prove challenging for women with spinal cord injury (SCI) who face unique challenges and barriers to breastfeeding due to the impact of SCI on mobility and physiology. Tailored provision of care from health care professionals (HCPs) is important in helping women navigate these potential barriers. Yet, HCPs often lack the confidence and SCI-specific knowledge to meet the needs of mothers with SCI. An international panel of clinicians, researchers, consultants, and women with lived experience was formed to create an accessible resource that can address this gap. A comprehensive survey on breastfeeding complications, challenges, resources, and quality of life of mothers with SCI was conducted, along with an environmental scan to evaluate existing postpartum guidelines and assess their relevance and usability as recommendations for breastfeeding after SCI. Building on this work, this article provides evidence-based recommendations for HCPs, including but not limited to general practitioners, obstetricians, pediatricians, physiatrists, lactation consultants, nurses, midwives, occupational therapists, and physiotherapists who work with prospective and current mothers with SCI.

OBJECTIVE: In epilepsy, early diagnosis, accurate determination of epilepsy type, proper selection of antiseizure medication, and monitoring are all essential. However, despite recent therapeutic advances and conceptual reconsiderations in the classification and management of epilepsy, serious gaps are still encountered in day-to-day practice in Egypt as well as several other resource-limited countries. Premature mortality, poor quality of life, socio-economic burden, cognitive problems, poor treatment outcomes, and comorbidities are major challenges that require urgent actions to be implemented at all levels. In recognition of this, a group of Egyptian epilepsy experts met through a series of consecutive meetings to specify the main concepts concerning the diagnosis and management of epilepsy, with the ultimate goal of establishing a nationwide Egyptian consensus.
METHODS: The consensus was developed through a modified Delphi methodology. A thorough review of the most recent relevant literature and international guidelines was performed to evaluate their applicability to the Egyptian situation. Afterward, several remote and live rounds were scheduled to reach a final agreement for all listed statements.
RESULTS: Of 278 statements reviewed in the first round, 256 achieved ≥80% agreement. Live discussion and refinement of the 22 statements that did not reach consensus during the first round took place, followed by final live voting then consensus was achieved for all remaining statements.
CONCLUSIONS: With the implementation of these unified recommendations, we believe this will bring about substantial improvements in both the quality of care and treatment outcomes for persons with epilepsy in Egypt.
CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the efforts of a group of medical experts to reach an agreement on the best medical practice related to people with epilepsy based on previously published recommendations while taking into consideration applicable options in resource-limited countries. The publication of this document is expected to minimize many malpractice issues and pave the way for better healthcare services on both individual and governmental levels.