我们正在进入一个“病毒发现的白金时代”,一个病毒生物多样性发现呈指数增长的时代,由宏基因组学和计算分析的进步推动。在人类(或任何动物)的生态系统中,病毒的种类比直接感染动物细胞的病毒更多。病毒可以感染构成微生物组的所有生物体,包括细菌,真菌,和单细胞寄生虫。因此,主机之间可能的交互的复杂性,微生物,病毒是深不可测的。为了理解这种相互作用网络,我们必须采用计算辅助病毒学作为分析和解释数百万个可用样本的手段,以推断病毒可能与人类健康相交的方式。从人类神经元数据集的计算病毒筛选中,我们发现了一种新型的narnavirusApoclossovirusodysseus(Ao),它可能感染嗜神经寄生虫弓形虫。以前,几种寄生虫原生动物病毒(PPV)已被机械地建立为宿主先天反应的触发因素,在这里,我们提出了证据,证明Ao在弓形虫感染的人和小鼠细胞中是一种合理的促炎因子。弓形虫感染了全球数十亿人,然而弓形虫病的预后是高度可变的,和像Ao这样的PPV可以作为迄今为止未描述的高毒力因子。在超过760万个样本的更广阔的屏幕中,我们探索了Ao的系统发育近端病毒,并发现了19种天隐病毒,所有在注释为脊椎动物转录组或转移基因组的文库中发现。虽然含有这种narnavirus属的样本来自绵羊,山羊,蝙蝠,兔子,鸡肉,和鸽子样本,病毒的存在强烈地预测了寄生的Apicomplex核酸共现,支持Apoclodvirus是寄生虫感染病毒的一个属的事实。这是一项计算概念验证研究,我们快速分析了数百万个数据集,从中我们从机械上提取了一个数据集,生态,和系统发育完善的假设。我们预测这种高度发散的AoRNA病毒在生物学上是弓形虫感染,Ao,和其他类似的病毒,将调节这种困扰全球数十亿人的疾病。
We are entering a \'Platinum Age of Virus Discovery\', an era marked by exponential growth in the discovery of virus biodiversity, and driven by advances in metagenomics and computational analysis. In the ecosystem of a human (or any animal) there are more species of viruses than simply those directly infecting the animal cells. Viruses can infect all organisms constituting the microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and unicellular parasites. Thus the complexity of possible interactions between host, microbe, and viruses is unfathomable. To understand this interaction network we must employ computationally assisted virology as a means of analyzing and interpreting the millions of available samples to make inferences about the ways in which viruses may intersect human health. From a computational viral screen of human neuronal datasets, we identified a novel narnavirus Apocryptovirus odysseus (Ao) which likely infects the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Previously, several parasitic protozoan viruses (PPVs) have been mechanistically established as triggers of host innate responses, and here we present in silico evidence that Ao is a plausible pro-inflammatory factor in human and mouse cells infected by T. gondii. T. gondii infects billions of people worldwide, yet the prognosis of toxoplasmosis disease is highly variable, and PPVs like Ao could function as a hitherto undescribed hypervirulence factor. In a broader screen of over 7.6 million samples, we explored phylogenetically proximal viruses to Ao and discovered nineteen Apocryptovirus species, all found in libraries annotated as vertebrate transcriptome or metatranscriptomes. While samples containing this genus of narnaviruses are derived from sheep, goat, bat, rabbit, chicken, and pigeon samples, the presence of virus is strongly predictive of parasitic Apicomplexa nucleic acid co-occurrence, supporting the fact that Apocryptovirus is a genus of parasite-infecting viruses. This is a computational proof-of-concept study in which we rapidly analyze millions of datasets from which we distilled a mechanistically, ecologically, and phylogenetically refined hypothesis. We predict that this highly diverged Ao RNA virus is biologically a T. gondii infection, and that Ao, and other viruses like it, will modulate this disease which afflicts billions worldwide.