Abstract：
Biological treatment is commonly used in coking wastewater (CWW) treatment. Prokaryotic microbial communities in CWW treatment have been comprehensively studied. However, viruses, as the critical microorganisms affecting microbial processes and thus engineering parameters, still remain poorly understood in CWW treatment context. Employing viromics sequencing, the composition and function of the viral community in CWW treatment were discovered, revealing novel viral communities and key auxiliary metabolic functions. Caudovirales appeared to be the predominant viral order in the oxic-hydrolytic-oxic (OHO) CWW treatment combination, showing relative abundances of 62.47 %, 56.64 % and 92.20 % in bioreactors O1, H and O2, respectively. At the family level, Myoviridae, Podoviridae and Siphoviridae mainly prevailed in bioreactors O1 and H while Phycodnaviridae dominated in O2. A total of 56.23-92.24% of novel viral contigs defied family-level characterization in this distinct CWW habitat. The virus-host prediction results revealed most viruses infecting the specific functional taxa Pseudomonas, Acidovorax and Thauera in the entire OHO combination, demonstrating the viruses affecting bacterial physiology and pollutants removal from CWW. Viral auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) were screened, revealing their involvement in the metabolism of contaminants and toxicity tolerance. In the bioreactor O1, AMGs were enriched in detoxification and phosphorus ingestion, where glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and beta-ketoadipyl CoA thiolase (fadA) participated in biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, respectively. In the bioreactors H and O2, the AMGs focused on cell division and epicyte formation of the hosts, where GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase (gmd) related to lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was considered to play an important role in the growth of nitrifiers. The diversities of viruses and AMGs decreased along the CWW treatment process, pointing to a reinforced virus-host adaptive strategy in stressful operation environments. In this study, the symbiotic virus-bacteria interaction patterns were proposed with a theoretical basis for promoting CWW biological treatment efficiency. The findings filled the gaps in the virus-bacteria interactions at the full-scale CWW treatment and provided great value for understanding the mechanism of biological toxicity and sludge activity in industrial wastewater treatment.
摘要：
生物处理常用于焦化废水(CWW)处理。已对CWW处理中的原核微生物群落进行了全面研究。然而,病毒,作为影响微生物过程和工程参数的关键微生物，在CWW治疗背景下仍然知之甚少。采用振动测序，发现了CWW治疗中病毒群落的组成和功能，揭示新的病毒群落和关键的辅助代谢功能。Caudovirales似乎是氧-水解-氧（OHO）CWW治疗组合中的主要病毒顺序，显示62.47%的相对丰度，生物反应器O1、H和O2分别为56.64%和92.20%。在家庭层面,Myoviridae,Podoviridae和Siphoviridae主要在生物反应器O1和H中盛行，而Phycodnaviridae在O2中占主导地位。在这个独特的CWW栖息地中，总共有56.23-92.24％的新型病毒重叠群违反了家族水平的特征。病毒-宿主预测结果表明，大多数病毒感染特定的功能类群假单胞菌，Acidovorax和Thauera在整个OHO组合中，证明了影响细菌生理和从CWW中去除污染物的病毒。病毒辅助代谢基因(AMGs)筛选,揭示它们参与污染物的代谢和毒性耐受性。在生物反应器O1中，AMGs在解毒和磷摄取中富集，其中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）和β-酮己二酰CoA硫解酶（fadA）参与多环芳烃和酚的生物降解，分别。在生物反应器H和O2中，AMG专注于细胞分裂和宿主的epicyte形成，其中与脂多糖生物合成相关的GDP甘露糖4,6-脱水酶（gmd）被认为在硝化剂的生长中起重要作用。在CWW处理过程中，病毒和AMG的多样性下降，指出了在紧张的操作环境中强化的病毒宿主适应性策略。在这项研究中,提出了共生的病毒-细菌相互作用模式，为提高CWW生物处理效率提供了理论基础。该发现填补了全面CWW处理中病毒-细菌相互作用的空白，为了解工业废水处理中生物毒性和污泥活性的机理提供了重要价值。
